Preparing Insoluble Salts

Are common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?

Soluble

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Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Soluble

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Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble?

Soluble (except silver chloride and lead chloride)

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Are common sulfates soluble or insoluble?

Soluble (except lead, barium and calcium sulfate)

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Are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

Insoluble (except for sodium, potassium and ammonium ones)

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How do you make a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt? Give an example.

You can use a precipitation reaction. You just need to pick the right two soluble salts, they react and you get your insoluble salt. E.g, to make lead chloride (insoluble), mix lead nitrate and sodium chloride (both soluble).

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What do you do first (of Stage 1) to make an insoluble salt? (1)

Add 1 spatula of lead nitrate to a test tube and fill it with distilled waterShake it thoroughly to ensure that all the lead nitrate has dissolved. Then do the same with 1 spatula of sodium chloride(use distilled water to make sure there are no ions)

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What do you do second (of Stage 1) to make an insoluble salt? (2)

Tip the two solutions into a small beaker, and give it a good stir to make sure it's all mixed together. The lead chloride should precipitate out.

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What do you do first (of Stage 2) to make an insoluble salt? (3)

Put a folded piece of filter paper into a filter funnel, and stick the funnel into a conical flask.

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What do you do second (of Stage 2) to make an insoluble salt? (4)

Pour the contents of the beaker into the middle of the filter paper. (Make sure that the solution doesn't go above the filter paper - otherwise some of the solid could dribble down the side).

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What do you do third (of Stage 2) to make an insoluble salt? (5)

Swill out the beaker with more distilled water, and tip this into the filter paper - to make sure you get all the product from the beaker.

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What do you do first (of Stage 3) to make an insoluble salt? (6)

Rinse the contents of the filter paper with distilled water to make sure that all the soluble sodium nitrate has been washed away.

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What do you do first (of Stage 3) to make an insoluble salt? (7)

Then just scrape the lead chloride onto fresh filter paper and leave to dry.

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Preparing Insoluble Salts

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