Norms of prejudice and discrimination have been long established in society. People conform to the norms, which strengthens the prejudice. It becomes the "non conscious ideology" when the prejudice is so accepted it isn't questioned.
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Scapegoating Theory
Socially frustrating conditions (e.g. economic depression) lead to aggression which needs to be displaced and so blame is allocated to a scapegoat, usually a minority that cannot defend self. Links w/RCT and explains changes in prejudice.
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Stereotyping
Categorising people based on visible cues and assuming they are all the same (homogeneous). Cognitive process that exaggerates the differences w/groups which can cause prejudice. Often derogatory stereotypes - only explain thoughts not actions.
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Social Identity Theory
Tajfel - people need positive self image, in a group have social identity. If favourable, personal identity is good. People in groups will naturally compare, w/in group favouritism and out group bias. This is shown in the Bristol School Boys exp.
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Realistic Conflict Theory
Prejudice occurs when groups have a conflict of interest (esp over resources) but can be reduced by super-ordinate goals. It suggests there is a real reason to group conflict and ignores the irrational side of human nature.
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Strengths of Realistic Conflict Theory
Has highly credible research, and high face validity as shown daily and in Sherif study. Super-ordinate goals reducing prejudice has a clear positive application to schools etc.
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Weaknesses of Realistic Conflict Theory
Robbers Cave was carried out on boys so not generalisable to girl/adults, Robbers Cave study lacks ecological validity and is opposed by Tajfels theory that prejudice is natural.
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Strengths of Social Identity Theory
Explains friendship groups, has a positive application as it is a perception so can be changed to reduce prejudice. Supported by Tajfel and explains discrimination when there isn't competition
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Weaknesses of Social Identity Theory
Negative application as shown by Nazi's, Tajfel's study has demand characteristics, and also lacks ecological validity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Socially frustrating conditions (e.g. economic depression) lead to aggression which needs to be displaced and so blame is allocated to a scapegoat, usually a minority that cannot defend self. Links w/RCT and explains changes in prejudice.
Back
Scapegoating Theory
Card 3
Front
Categorising people based on visible cues and assuming they are all the same (homogeneous). Cognitive process that exaggerates the differences w/groups which can cause prejudice. Often derogatory stereotypes - only explain thoughts not actions.
Back
Card 4
Front
Tajfel - people need positive self image, in a group have social identity. If favourable, personal identity is good. People in groups will naturally compare, w/in group favouritism and out group bias. This is shown in the Bristol School Boys exp.
Back
Card 5
Front
Prejudice occurs when groups have a conflict of interest (esp over resources) but can be reduced by super-ordinate goals. It suggests there is a real reason to group conflict and ignores the irrational side of human nature.
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