Pregnancy
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- Created by: rosieewatson
- Created on: 19-12-19 15:14
Define primigravid/Primagravida
When an animal is pregnant for the first time
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Define Multrigravid
When an animal is pregnant for the second or subsequent time
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Define Monotocous/unitocous/ Uniparous
An animal that usually only has one offspring at a time
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Define Polytocous/multiparous
Animals that usually have more than one offspring at a time
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How long is the gestation period in the *****?
63 days
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How long is the gestation period in the queen?
63 days
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How long is the gestation period in the *****?
340-342 days (11 montha)
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What is progesterone produced?
Produced by the corpus luteum as a result of ovulation
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Does oestrogen continue to be secreted by the ovaries?
Yes
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Where is prolactin released from?
Anterior pituatary gland
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Where is relaxin produced by?
The Placenta
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Name physical changes that occur during pregnancy?
Abdominal enlargement, mammary gland development, decreased food intake and milk production
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How can pregnancy be diagnosed in the ***** during the following stages?
Before 30 days - palpation After 30 days - radiograph, ultrasound, hormone (ELISA test)
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Whilst doing an ultrasound of a pregnant *****, what is the best position for her and why?
Lateral - because the young will be space occupying and cause breathing difficulties if she was in dorsal. Generally this can be uncomfortable. Alternatively, standing as this requires minimal restrain for the *****.
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Can foetal heart beats be heard?
Yes, via ausculation
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Should the routine of feeding the pregnant ***** differ in any way during the later stages of pregnancy?
Yes. Change the growth diet and fed little and often
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Should exercise be restricted during pregnancy?
No, although it should not be excessive. Regular exercise should be encouraged, but the ***** should be able to dictate when she has had enough.
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What worming regime is recommended for pregnant *******?
Worm daily from day 40 of pregnancy 2 days post welping (approx 25 days)
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At what stage can mineralisation of the foetal bones be detected via radiography in the pregnant ***** and queen
***** > day 45 Queen > day 40
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What are the clinical signs of pregnancy in the queen?
Increased body weight, abdominal enlargement and mammary development
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How can pregnancy be diagnosed in the queen during the following stages?
Abdominal Palpation > 21 days after mating, embryonic tissue seen from day 14, radiography > after 30 days, hormone tests > after 25 days
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At what stage can hormone tests be detected in the *****?
Blood levels of relaxin peak around day 40-50
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When ultrasounding a ***** at what day can pregnancy be diagnosed?
16 days after ovulation but is wise to wait 28 days after mating
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What is the feeding regime for a queen during pregnancy?
Well - balanced diet
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Should the pregnant ***** or queen receive vaccinations during pregnancy?
No. They should be fully vaccinated before mating
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Does the presence of progesterone confirm pregnancy?
No. If ovulation has occurred, the corpus luteum is present and producing the progesterone, regardless if she is pregnant or not.
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What are the clinical signs in the pregnant mare?
No physical signs or symptoms until late in the pregnancy
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How can pregnancy be diagnosed in the mare during the following stages?
Ultrasound >12-18 days after ovulation, and repeat examination 25-35 days to confirm viability of embryo, hormone tests > progesterone in the blood of mares is not reliable to confirm pregnancy, oestrogen sulphate > used from day 60-70 onwards
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What is eCG?
Equine chorionic gonadotrophin - it is a hormone produced by the endometrial cups of the equine placenta. It is a good test for pregnancy from day 40
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During the early stages of pregnancy does the mare that is not working need an increase in fed?
No. Basic pasture is adequate at this stage.
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Why should the pregnant mare be vaccinated with Equine Herpes Virus -1 multiple times during pregnancy?
To prevent abortion caused by the contracted virus
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What stage should the mare receive the vaccination for EHV
5,7 and 9 months of gestation. Also should receive a tetanus booster around 4 weeks prior to parturition
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Do mares require worming in pregnancy?
Yes. Regular worming as foals can be infected and have a worm burden as young as 2 weeks
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Name the first problem that can result in foetal abortion
Pathogenic - caused by a disease, including the infectious diseases and may cause abortion, resorption or stillbirths.
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Name the second problem that can result in foetal abortion
Non - pathogenic causes of pregnancy failure include: foetal defects, trauma, infection and abnormal maternal environment
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If the pregnancy of the mare fails early on what will happen?
Embryos will be resorbed
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If the pregnancy of the mare fails later on what will happen?
The foetuses will be aborted
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Define the stage of embryo
The characteristics of the conceptus are not discernible
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Define the stage of foetus
from approximately day 35 after ovulation the characteristics of a puppy or kitten become obvious
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Define the stage resorption
refers to the resorption of the entire conceptus and occurs during the embryonic stage of development
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Define the stage of abortion
refers to the expulsion of foetuses and foetal membranes before term
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Define the stage of stillbirth
expulsion of the foetus and foetal membranes after day 58
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When an animal is pregnant for the second or subsequent time
Back
Define Multrigravid
Card 3
Front
An animal that usually only has one offspring at a time
Back
Card 4
Front
Animals that usually have more than one offspring at a time
Back
Card 5
Front
63 days
Back
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