Pragmatics

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What is the difference between sentence, utterance and proposition?
Sentence is abstract and has syntactic structure. Utterance is concrete and you can hear it, different each time. Proposition is the meaning of the sentence, abstract and either true or false.
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What is Grice's Theory of Conversation?
Utterance meaning = sentence meaning + implied/added meaning.
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What is added/implied meaning also known as?
Conversational Implicature
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What are the 3 ways to X a maxim.
Violate = non-cooperative
Flout = cooperative
Opting Out = speaker signals that they are not going to follow a maxim
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What are the 4 maxims?
Quantity = make contribution as informative as required.
Quality = Do not say what you believe to be false
Relation = be relevant
Manner = avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity. Related to words chosen and how utterance is formed.
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Implicatures are defeasible, what does this mean?
They are canellale.
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What are the 7 steps to calculate an implicature?
1. What did A do to B?
2. What did B answer?
3. A assumes B is following CP.
4. What did B do in their response?
5. What maxim was flouted?
6. Therefore, B intended to communicate some relevant implicature. This is ...
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Define a Speech Act.
We do something which goes beyond simply uttering a sentence. There is an act performed within a cultural, sociological context.
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How can you tell if it is a Speech Act?
You cannot question whether it is true or false.
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What is Austin's Original Classification of Utterances?
Constative and Performative (implicit and explicit)
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What are the certain characteristics that define explicit performatives?
- Verb in simple present tense.
- 1st person subject.
- possible to add 'hereby'.
- declarative sentence.
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How do we define a constative utterance?
True or false.
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How do we define an implicit performative utterance?
None of the explicit charactersitics, and not true or false.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Grice's Theory of Conversation?

Back

Utterance meaning = sentence meaning + implied/added meaning.

Card 3

Front

What is added/implied meaning also known as?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the 3 ways to X a maxim.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the 4 maxims?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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