How are alkenes tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
Add a few drops of bromine water and shake. Alkenes turn orange bromine water colourless.
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How are aldehydes tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
Add a few drops of Tollen's reagent/Fehling's solution to the unknown. Heat gently in a water bath for up to 10 minutes. Silver mirror/red Cu2O ppt. formed.
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What is the equation for the oxidation of aldehydes by Tollen's reagent?
CH3CHO + 2Ag+ + H2O -> CH3COOH + 2Ag + 2H+.
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What is the equation for the oxidation of aldehydes by Fehling's solution?
CH3CHO + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O -> CH3COOH + Cu2O + 4H+.
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How are carboxylic acids tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
Add a small amount of sodium carbonate solid to the unknown. Will fizz due to CO2 produced.
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How are halogenoalkanes tested for and what are the results of these tests?
Add a few drops silver nitrate to each unknown. AgCl = white ppt, AgBr = cream ppt, AgI = yellow ppt.
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How are the silver halides distinguished between?
AgCl dissolves in dilute ammonia. AgBr dissolves in conc. ammonia. AgI does not dissolve in ammonia.
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How are alcohols tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
Add potassium dichromate acidified with sulfuric acid. Primary & secondary alcohols will reduce the dichromate to green chromate ions.
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How are acyl chlorides tested for and what is the positive result of this test? *
Add silver nitrate at room temperature. Steamy fumes of HCl and rapid formation of white AgCl ppt in a vigorous reaction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are aldehydes tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
Back
Add a few drops of Tollen's reagent/Fehling's solution to the unknown. Heat gently in a water bath for up to 10 minutes. Silver mirror/red Cu2O ppt. formed.
Card 3
Front
What is the equation for the oxidation of aldehydes by Tollen's reagent?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the equation for the oxidation of aldehydes by Fehling's solution?
Back
Card 5
Front
How are carboxylic acids tested for and what is the positive result of this test?
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