Power, Sovereignty and International Relations

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Actor
An entity that is capable of taking meaningful action or effecting change at any one of the six levels of analysis
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Authoritarian State
A state in which political power is concentrated in an institution not accountable to the people. E.g. North Korea, Saudi Arabia
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Bilateral
Refers to relations between two states
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Bipolar World Order
A global system in which power is concentrated around two nations. E.g. United States and Soviet Union
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Bush Doctrine
States that preemptive military action should be taken against states thought to be threatening the USA
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Collective Security
Occurs where states pledge themselves to defend each other. E.g. NATO
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Colonialism
Process by which a state seeking to establish or maintain control over territories or peoples. E.g. Britain, France (Colonial Powers)
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Communism
A political system where property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their needs and abilities. E.g. Cuba, China
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Constitution
A set of fundamental principles or precedents that set out how a state should be governed.
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Constitutive Theory of Statehood
Theory that states are only states because they are recognised as such by other states
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Constructivism
Emphasises the socially constructed nature of international relations
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Declarative theory of statehood (Westphalian Model)
Theory that states are only states if they meet 4 criteria: 1) A defined territory; 2) A permanent population; 3) Self-governing body; 4) Capacity to enter into relations with other states
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Deterrence
A method to discourage as state from acting on another state. E.g. North Korea and Nuclear Deterrence
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Democratic State
A state in which power resides with the people (electorate) and is exercised by them through their elected agents
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Diplomacy
Refers to the process by which states manage their international relations
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Environmentalism
A political and ethical movement seeking to protect and improve the quality of the environment through changes to harmful human activity
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External Sovereignty
Occurs where other states acknowledge a state's internal sovereignty
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European Union
An economic and political Union of 28 counties.
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Executive
The branch of government responsible for putting policies and laws into practical effect
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Failed State
A state in which the government is no longer capable of meeting the basic responsibilities of a sovereign government. E.g. Syria, Somalia
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Fragile State
A low-income country characterised by weak state legitimacy
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Global Governance
The movement towards political cooperation amongst transnational actors in order to develop solutions to problems affecting more than one state or region
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Globalisation
The increasing interaction of people and states through the increasing interaction of money, ideas and culture
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Hegemon
A state that has dominance at either a regional or global level of analysis. E.g. US
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Humanitarian Intervention
Refers to military intervention in another sovereign state in order to end or prevent a humanitarian crisis such as starvation or genocide.
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Interdependence
Refers to the way in which states, organisations and even individuals are becoming increasingly important in terms of the effect they have on the lives of others
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Intergovernmental Organisations (IGO)
An organisation that is made up of different national governments. E.g. US, NATO
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Internal Sovereignty
Refers to the supreme authority of a state within its territory
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Internationalism
Advocates greater cooperation between peoples and nations
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Interstate War
Ware between two or more states
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Intrastate War (Civil War)
War within a state
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Judiciary
The branch of government responsible for interpreting policies and laws and ruling on their legality of otherwise
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Jus ad Bellum (Just War Theory)
Conditions by which it is considered 'just' to go to war
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Jus in Bellum (Just War Theory)
Conditions governing 'just' conduct in war
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Jus post Bellum (Just War Theory)
Conditions relating to justice after a war and during the peace building process
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Legitimacy
Refers to the authority (accepted power) of the government and legitimisation of those in power
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Legislative
The branch of government responsible for creating laws
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Liberalism
Emphasises the interdependence between states and other actors in the global political system
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Montevideo Convention (1933)
Declarative theory of statehood was accepted as part of customary international law
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Multilateral
Refers to relations between more than two states
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Multinational Corporations
A business organisation that operates in more than one states
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Multipolar world order
A global system in which power is concentrated around more than two nations
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Nation
A community that shares common cultural and linguistic traits. E.g. Kurds: Syria, Iraq, Turkey
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Nation-State
A nation which inhabits a clearly defined territory and can be said to be one in which cultural boundaries match the political boundaries
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Nationalism
The political principle based on promoting the interests of a particular nation
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Non-governmental organisation (NGO)
Bodies that are independent of government and seek to infleunce policy or achieve and aim through a combination of lobbying and direct action. E.g. Amnesty International, Greenpeace
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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
An organisation based on the principle of collective self defence whereby and attack on one member is treated as an attack on all (Article 5). E.g. 9/11
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Polarity
Refers to the way in which power is distributed in global politics
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Structural Realism (offensive and defensive)
Argues the nature of the international system is the main determinant of behaviour
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Classical Realism
Focuses on human nature and the natural desire for power amongst political actors and leaders
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Responsible Sovereignty
The principle that states that states should not only protect their own people but should cooperate across borders to protect global resources and tackle transnational threats.
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Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
A global commitment that involves the responsibility to protect all populations from mass atrocities and human rights violations
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Semi-Periphery
Refers to the industrialising counties situated between the core and Periphery in the world systems model (Wallerstein)
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Separation of Powers
A model of state governance whereby the government is divided into three branches: executive, legislature and judiciary, in order to provide a system of checks and balances and prevent the concentration of power solely in one branch of government
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Sovereignty
The fully right and power of a governing body over itself without interference from outside bodies
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State
An organised political entity with a permanent population, a well-defined territory and government with the ability to interact with other states
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Stateless Nation
A community sharing cultural traits that are not found within the boundaries of one nation-state
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Superpowers
States that have achieved a hegemonic position in one or more aspects of global politics
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Suprnational
Refers to any quality, principle or organisation that transcends national boundaries or governments
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Terrorism
The unlawful use of violence, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims
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Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
The starting point for the development of nation-state
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Unpolar World Order
A global system in which power is concentrated around one nation
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United Nations (193 states)
An IGO with the aim of promoting international cooperation and to create, and maintain, international order
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A state in which political power is concentrated in an institution not accountable to the people. E.g. North Korea, Saudi Arabia

Back

Authoritarian State

Card 3

Front

Refers to relations between two states

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A global system in which power is concentrated around two nations. E.g. United States and Soviet Union

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

States that preemptive military action should be taken against states thought to be threatening the USA

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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