Measure of absolute poverty - the 'budget standard measure'
3 of 18
Mack and Lansley 1993
Consensual measure of relative poverty - list of essential requirements
4 of 18
Lewis 1966
Dependency based explanations - study of poor people in mexico - people in a class stratified and highly individualistic society were more likely to develop a set of cultural values that trapped them in their poverty
5 of 18
Murray
Underclass - people are lazy and make no effort to work or look after themselves
6 of 18
Field 1989
Exclusion - three groups in society have been excluded from the rights that citizens should enjoy - long term unemployed, lone parent families, pensioners
7 of 18
Marsland 1996
New Right - competing approaches - wealth is created by successful entrepreneurs
8 of 18
Pryke 2000
Dismiss the relative definition of poverty - ideological attack on inequality
9 of 18
Crosland 1956
Social Democrat approach - in any society there will be some groups who are in poverty
10 of 18
Giddens 1999
Criticisms of Social Democrat approach - it has failed to respond to the changes which have occurred since the 1980s in the UK
11 of 18
Glendinning and Millar 1992
Feminists - The welfare state has ignored women's plight
12 of 18
Modwood 1997
The welfare state has been ineffective in combating the poverty of ethnic minorities
13 of 18
Oliver 1996
Society stigmatizes disabled people by seeing them as less able - Assumptions about what is 'normal' is on the basis of able-bodied people
The welfare state can be best understood in a more complex, two -sided way
16 of 18
Esping - Andersen 1990
All capitalist welfare regimes can be divided into three main types : liberal, corporatist , and social democrat
17 of 18
Hills 1998
Undertook a massive overview of the state of welfare services - education favoured middle class - health services favoured middle class - social security favoured working class
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