Postmodernism and modernism

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What periods are modernity and postmodernity
Modernity refers to European society between 1650-1950 and postmodernity refers to European society between 1950-now
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What is modernity
A term used by sociologists to describe the modern period which began in Europe several hundred years ago
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What is the main source of social division
Economic production is industrial and capitalist, with social class as the main form of social division
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How did urbanisation effect society
The urbanisation of society during 18th-20th centuries has caused thousands of people to move to cities to find work and make their homes
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Role of bureaucratic state in modernity
A powerful central government and administration known as the bureaucratic state played increasingly importance in peoples lives. Seen by development of compulsory education, public housing and welfare state
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What does peoples knowledge derive from in modernity
Peoples knowledge derives from sceintific thinking rather than faith, religion or music. Events like natural disasters are explained scientifically, moon landing was the pinnacle of modernist era of scientific progression
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Are meta narratives accepted in modern soceity
Yes
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Globalisation as a key feature of postmodernity
Increasing flows of information, ideas, money and people, moving across national boundaries, time and space is decreased
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Mass media as a key feature of postmodernity
Increase in diversity of media etc. results in patterns of media usage, society relies on media to state whats happening around the world. Creates hyper-reality, new networks also emerge through the media
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A world in fragments as a key feature of postmodernity
Pace of change is rapid, people more likely to change jobs, work is uncertain due to global competition, fashion and music is evolving, breakdown of communities increased flexibility of labour associated with work, decline in social capital (trust)
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Consumer society as a key feature of postmodernity
Society is consumer orientated, rather than work. Argue that we live in pick and mix society, individuals pick their own life course, individuals are less characterised by there demographics
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Cultural diversity and hybridity as a key feature of postmodernity
Globalisation lead to increase in diversity and hybridity, mixing of cultural traditions. Examples include diversity include goods and services, fashion and music
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Lyotard- Abandonment of enlightenment project
Incredulity towards metta-narratives, greater diversity and freedom means individuals stop finding universal truth, lead to terror and oppression. Postmodern diversity leads to tolerance. In order to be free we need to be liberated from the truth
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Foucalt- Knowledge isn't objective
throughout history knowledge hasn't been objective, not used to make the world better. Knowledge is created by subjective values, those in power define behaviour as normal, those unlike them are criminal, expert knowledge is created on these catagory
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Baudrillard- Hyper-reality less than actual reality
Postmodern era has experienced expansion in media, created hyper-reality where was we see in the media is more real than reality. Looking at how reality effects peoples lives because most havent lived experiences of this social reality
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Bauman
Interested in how we use consumption to define ourselves, also interested in how people cope in a hectic post-modern world
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Transgression
Because post modern society is different, and as culture has become more important means new areas have opened up to study. New areas include; rave culture, new genders and sexualities
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Narrative
Much post modern sociology limits its self to a description of the ways of life of theese groups, theorises specific to the group under study, not interested in constructing generalisable social theory as they believe such a mission is flawed
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Criticism of the collapse of metta narritives
Lyotards idea about the collapse of metta-narritives can be criticised for being a metta-narritive itself
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Jamieson- postmodernism is the cultural logic of late capitalism
Capitalism has produced a world of fantastical objects, invited those who can afford to play rather than worry about conditions they are produced. Like the transnational capitalist class want of us, dont worry about dual logic of exploitation
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Baumen- capitalism has produced the unstable postmodern world
The poor experience instability negativly (refugees) the rich experience in positivly, Criticises Lytoards idea as it denies our capacity as humans to work for the collective good
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Left thinkers say postmodernism is a middle class viewpoint
The new proletariat may not geel the relevence of postmodernism to their lives as they cant afford the commodities sold in postmodern society
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Social thought that focusses on hypereality is uncriticle
One argues that it suffers from myopia of the visible, just because the world seems fragmented, and mass media is removed from reality, doesnt mean there isnt a reality not needing to be understood
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What is modernity

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A term used by sociologists to describe the modern period which began in Europe several hundred years ago

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What is the main source of social division

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How did urbanisation effect society

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Role of bureaucratic state in modernity

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