a group of people who are the focus of the reseacher's interest, from which a smaller sample is drawn
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sample
a group of people who take part in research investigation. the sample is drawn from a target population and is presumed to be representative of that population
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sampling techniques
the method used to select people from the population
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Bias
unfair
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generalisation
the extent to which findings and conclusions from particular investigation can be broadly applied to the population.
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random sample
members of the target population have an equal chance if being selected. 1.) list of member of Target Population 2.) all names assigned number. 3.) sample is generated with lottery method (randomiser)
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Random sample strength:
free from researcher bias. researcher has no influence over who is selected, prevents them from choosing someone that may prove the hypothesis.
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Random sample weakeness:
difficult and time consuming. Complete list of target populations may be extremely difficult to obtain. Sample may be unrepresentative. possible that random sample may select ONLY females. Selected participants may refuse to take part
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Systematic sample
is when the Nth member of the population is selected. for example every 3rd house. A sample frame is produced, list of people in the target population organised into. A sample system may be nominated or can be determined randomly reduce bias.
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Systematic sample strength:
avoids researcher bias. researcher has no influence.usually fairly representative
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Stratified sample
proportion of people in certain subgroups, within the target population or the wider population.
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how to carry out stratified sample:
researcher identifies the different strata that make up the population. then the proportions needed for samples to be representative. participants that make up the stratum are selected using random sampling
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Stratified sample strength:
avoids researcher bias. once population has been sub divided participants make up the numbers are randomly selected and beyond influence of 'R'. representative sample reflects the composition of the population. generalisation becomes possible
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Stratified sample weakness:
not perfect. identified strata cannot reflect all the ways that people are different, so complete representation is not possible
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opportunity sample:
researchers may decide to select anyone who happens to be willing and available. researcher simple has the chance to simply ask whoever is around at the time of the study
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opportunity sample strength
its convenient. good deal of time and effort and much less costly
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opportunity sample weakness
theres bias. Researcher are only going to one street in one town not generalised. Researcher have control over the selection of the participants.
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volunteer sample:
participants selecting themselves to be part of the sample, hence it is also referred to as self-selection. participants may see adverts on newspapers or notice board.
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Volunteer sample strength:
sample is easy. it requires minimal input from the researcher, and less time consuming
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Volunteer sample weakness:
volunteer bias. asking for volunteers may attract a certain person those who are helpful, keen and curious. which may affect how the far findings can be generalised
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a group of people who take part in research investigation. the sample is drawn from a target population and is presumed to be representative of that population
Back
sample
Card 3
Front
the method used to select people from the population
Back
Card 4
Front
unfair
Back
Card 5
Front
the extent to which findings and conclusions from particular investigation can be broadly applied to the population.
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