Population Change

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What two things affect population size?
Birth rate (number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year), and Death rate (the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year)
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What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
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What is natural decrease?
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate
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How else can a country's population be increased?
Migration
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Describe Stage 1 of the DTM
High birth rate - no contraception, have many children due to high infant fatality rate - High death rate - poor healthcare - none or very little pop growth. Life expectancy low, young population
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Describe Stage 2 of the DTM
High birth rate - no contraception, economy based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms - Rapid falling death rate - improved healthcare - High population growth, population size rapidly increasing. Life expectancy increased
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Describe Stage 3 of the DTM
Rapidly falling birth rate (emancipation of women, better education, increased use of contraception, more women work so less have children, economy changes to manufacturing so less kids needed for farms - slowly falling death rate - more medical
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Describe Stage 4 of the DTM
Low birth rate - people move to urban areas, so wealth improves and they buy more luxuries and possessions, less money available for kids - low death rate, no population growth, high life expectancy
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Describe Stage 5 of the DTM
Slowly falling birth rate - less money available to raise kids cus people have dependent elderly relatives - low death rate, negative population growth, more old people than young
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What are the social impacts of rapid population growth?
Services like healthcare & education are limited so not everyone has access to them, children have to work to help their families so miss out on education, not enough homes, food shortages
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What are the economic impacts of rapid population growth?
Increased unemployment, increased poverty
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What are the political impacts of rapid population growth?
Mostly young people means that gov focuses on policies for the young e.g. education & fewer old people so gov doesn't have to focus policies on old e.g. pensions
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Describe two strategies to control rapid population growth
Birth control programmes - reduce birth rate, limiting number of children people can have, offering free contraception, sex ed. Immigration laws, limit the no. of immigrants, and can be selective about who they allow to immigrate
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What stage of the DTM are countries with an ageing population?
5
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What are the economic issues with an ageing population?
Taxes would need to rise to pay for pensions, retirement homes and healthcare. Economy would grow slower, less money being spent on things that benefit economy e.g. education/business, more money spent on things that don't e.g. retirement homes
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What are the social issues with an ageing population?
Healthcare services stretched more, people spend more time working as unpaid carers for older. Working population have less leisure time. People may have less kids cus they can't afford children-more old=lower pensions-peeps retire later
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Name some strategies to cope with an ageing population
Encouraging larger families, Encouraging immigration, raising retirement age and raising taxes
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Why does migration happen?
Due to push and pull factors. Push: Things about place of origin that make them move e.g. lack of jobs, natural disaster, war Pull: Things about destination that attracts them e.g. job opportunities, better standard of living
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What are the positive impacts of migration?
Source country- reduced demand for services, money sent back to source country by emigrants. Receiving country- Increased labour force, migrant workers pay taxes that help fund services
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What are the negative impacts of migration?
Source country- Labour shortage (mostly working people that migrate), Skills shortage, ageing population Receiving country- Locals & Immigrants compete for jobs leading to conflict, increased demand for services
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is natural increase?

Back

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

Card 3

Front

What is natural decrease?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How else can a country's population be increased?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe Stage 1 of the DTM

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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