Population change

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  • Created by: AK
  • Created on: 02-06-17 17:30
What is exponential growth
A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases - often shown as a J-curve graph
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What is birth rate
The number of babies born per 1000 people per year
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What is death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
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What is natural change
The difference between birth and death rates.
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What is natural increase
Where the birth rate is higher than the death rate
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What is natural decrease
Where the death rate is higher than the birth rate
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What is life expectancy
The number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth
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What are the typical features of stage 1 of the DTM
There is little medicine, low life expectancy and no birth control
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What are the typical features of stage 2 of the DTM
A decrease in death rate, due to improvements in medicine and hygiene. Life expectancy increases. There is population growth. Children are required to work on the land, increasing birth rates
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What are the typical features of stage 3 of the DTM
Death rate falls, but more slowly. Decrease in birth rate due to birth control and economic changes
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What are the typical features of stage 4 of the DTM
Low birth rates and death rates. Birth rate varies according to the economic situation. Can afford children, but postpone having kids until later life. Birth rate fluctuates depending on economic situation
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What are the typical features of stage 5 of the DTM
Birth rate is very low, and is lower than the death rate. Death rate increases slightly due to an ageing population. Population starts to decrease
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How agricultural change affects population growth
Technology improves yield and saves labour. During Industrial Revolution, more workers are required so having a large family is a benefit. However technolgical advances reduced need for labour
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How urbanisation affects population growth
Rural to urban migration in common in poorer countries. Often move to cities for better childrens education. Childrens labour is less valuable in cities. Highly urbanised societies have lower rates of population growth
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How education affects population growth
Education improves, making standard of living improve. Children are an economic disadvantage. Parents in poorer countries see education as childs best chance at life
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How emanciption of women affects population growth
As more women work, they can't look after children, so families are generally smaller
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What are the typical features of a stage 1 pyramid
Wide base due to high birth rates. Short life expectancy, so narrow apex. Sides narrow quickly because of a high death rate
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What are the typical features of a stage 2 pyramid
Base is a bit narrower as birth rate falls slightly, apex is slightly wider due to more elderly people/longer life expectancy. Sides less concave as death rate drops
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What are the typical features of a stage 3 pyramid
Even narrower base as birth rate drops further. Sides straighter as more people live longer
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What are the typical features of a stage 4 pyramid
Base is narrower due to lower birth rate, causing concave shape. Apex wider as higher life expectancy
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What are the typical features of a stage 5 pyramid
Ageing population so convex shape. Birth rate has fallen so smaller base
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China's one child policy - the conditions
Can't marry until late 20s, must only have one successful pregnancy, sterilised after 1st child/future abortions, 5 to 10% salary rise for having only 1 child, if 1 child-priority housing/pension + family benefits/free education
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China's one child policy - if you disobeyed
10% salary cut, large fine, have to pay education of both children+health care for family, 2nd children born abroad not penalised but cannot be Chinese citizens
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China's one child policy - the benefits
Population growth slowed down, 400 million less people, allows people to have enough food and jobs
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China's one child policy - the problems
Women forced to have abortions, 90% of children aborted were female, gender imbalance, little emperors
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Kerala - alternative birth control program
Improved education - especially for girls, emancipation of women, adult literacy classes, education on benefits of smaller families, better health care, free contraception
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Ageing population - the problems
Strain on health care, financial pressure due to care homes, pension crisis - higher taxes to pay for pensions
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Ageing population - the benefits
Work as volunteers, provide jobs in leisure sector, silver surfer, grey pound, childcare allows parents to work
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How France is handling an ageing population
Encourage people to have more children - 3 years parental leave for mother/father, full-time funded schooling at 3, day care for kids below 3 paid for by government, more children a woman has earlier can retire on full pension
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International migration - country of origin problems
Lose working age people, ageing population, can't improve country as bad economy
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International migration - country of origin benefits
Money sent back to COO, may move back to COO after earning money, learn skills and bring them back to COO - can teach others
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International migration - host country problems
Money sent back leaves host economy, property prices have risen due to high demand, schools + health services under pressure, can cause racial tension/discrimination
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International migration - host country benefits
Economy benefits, more workers, work for cheaper than host country citizens
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is birth rate

Back

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year

Card 3

Front

What is death rate

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is natural change

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is natural increase

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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