relates to a population size, gorwth,density and distribution
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what is a cencus
an official survay of the population
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why has family size reduced
people are chhosing to have smaller familys as women are now working and the cost of having a child is too high
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State evidence to show falling family sizes
typical family size in 1901 was 6-7 now it is less than 4 with the average anount of children being 1.8
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what else couldve effected family size
the post war baby boom
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how has the population structure changed
the uk has developeed a top heavy population structure with 16% aged 65 and over and only 19% under 16
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how/why has this happened
better healthcare and hygene mean a higher life expectancy and a lower death rate
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name 3 migration pattern changes
moving away from mining and facory towns to those of service sectors, the southeast drif (25% living in london), counter urbanisation
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how has the uks employment structure shifted
people are working less in primary and secondory employment (monong and manufactoring) and now working in terciary and quaternary sectors (service/finance, research)
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how has social aspirations changed and the resukts of this
there has been an increase in the average wage and also in the amount of people going into higher education and therefore people have moved from working class to middle class
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define baby boom
a brief increase in the birthrate. the uk experienced one at the end of WW2
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state facts about the uks greying population
in 2012 there were 21 millon people aged 50 and over and is expected to rise by 31% by 2031, nearly 11.8 million are over retirement age which equates to 19.2% population
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what is the dependancy ratio
the ratio calculated by comparing the proportion of a population that is economically non productive with the people that in therory create wealth
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what is the equation for the deependancy ratio
(population under 16 + population over 65/ population 17-64)x100
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what are 5 push factors
poverty, poor healthcare, lack of services, poor/low wages, conflict/war
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what are 5 pull factors
job opportunities that are well paid, better education, good healthcare, political stability, family livng there
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what is hyper urbanisation
where the increase in the urban population is happening so rapidly that the city cannot cope with the needs of the people
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name some key problems with mumbais rapid growth
slow economic growth, low QOL, large number of slums that are increasing, congestion, pollution and water shortages
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what are the 6 key targets of vision mumbai
increase housing, improve transport, improve infrastucture, raise finance, boots economic growth, make the government more responsive and efficient
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name 2 problems and 2 solutions to mumbais transport
buses and railways account for 66% journeys, in rush hour 10 people per day die on rail networks-160 energy efficient trains are being built, construction of a bridge linking the CBD the towns opposite
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name 2 problems and 2 solutions of housing
40% population live in shanty towns, 300000 living on the streeets- aim to build 1.1 million low cost homes, dharavi project with 7 story apartment buildings being built to house the millions of slum dwellers
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name an environmental problem and a sulution
breathing air in bombay is equivilant to smoking 10 ciggerettes a day- 325 green spaces being established
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