Polymerisation

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Addition polymerisation
A polymer which is formed by an addition reaction, where many monomers bond together via rearrangement of bonds without the loss of any atom or molecule
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Example 1
chloroethene will make polychloroethene
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Example 2
ethene will make polyethene
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Example 3
propene will make polypropene
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Condensation polymerisation
monomers with 2 functional groups react together, losing a small molecule(normally water)in the pocess.
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Simplest polymers
made from 2 different monomers with 2 of the same functional groups on each monomer
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How is multiple repeating components represented?
The repeating component in the monomer can be represented with a shape, usually a square, to save time.
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Amino acids
Made through condensation polymerisation. Lead to polypeptides which make up proteins.
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functional groups in amino acids
-COOH (carboxylic acid) and -CNH2 (amine)
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bonds formed
peptide bonds
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Carbohydrates
compounds made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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simple sugars
Glucose and fructose (both have the same formula of C6H1206) are called monosccharides (monomers)
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Monosaccharides
Join together to form polysaccharides
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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What is DNA?
very large molecule found in the nucleus of every cell in our bodies. DNA is a naturally occuring polymer.
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Nucleotides
The 'monomers' of a DNA molecule. They are made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group and a base.
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Types of bases
A (Adenine), C (cytosine), T (thymine) and G (guanine). A always pairs with T and C always paire with G.
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Monomers
reactive molecule, unsaturated, contains double bonds. Examples are ethene and propene
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Polymers
Long-chain hydrocarbons, stable molecules, saturated. Examples are PVA, PVC and plastics
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What do the properties of polymers depend on?
Length of polymer chain, type of monomer(s), cross linking and branching, temperature at which they are formed, rate at which polymer cools, how it is stirred as it cools.
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Low density polyethene
High pressure and a trace of oxygen. Randomly branched polymer chains form. This means the polymers can't pack closely together resulting in a low density
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High density polyethene
Slightly raised pressure, 50*C and a catalyst. Straight polymer chains form. Can be paked closely together. High density and a strong material.
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Thermosoftening plastics
In some plastics there are only intermolecular forces between the molecules, and heating the
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Thermosetting plastics
In some plastics there are actual bonds formed between polymer molecules called cross-links. These are very strong and you can't soften the plastic by heating it.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

chloroethene will make polychloroethene

Back

Example 1

Card 3

Front

ethene will make polyethene

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

propene will make polypropene

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

monomers with 2 functional groups react together, losing a small molecule(normally water)in the pocess.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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