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6. 1997, 2001, 2005- social class alignment?

  • Large section of electorate is still committed to a fairly stable ideological convictions that reflect key differences between working class and middle class voters
  • The middle class and working class voters are merging into one group
  • People don't align with a party- short term factors for influential
  • There is a variation in each election- not set in stone any more

7. 1979-1997, What happened to voting behaviour

  • Class Dealignment/ Partisan Dealignment
  • Partisan Alignment
  • Decrease in instrumental voters
  • Increase in participation

8. Name 2 criticisms of this research

  • Butler & Kavanagh- Underestimated effects of short term influences, e.g sweeps of patriotic fevour. 2- Marshall & Heath- Crewe Exaggerated both class and partisan dealignment
  • No evidence to back it up
  • Was biased
  • It ignores the dealignment of right wing voters

9. Who researched Class dealignment and what were the findings?

  • Rose and Butler- Embourgeoisement
  • Ivor Crewe- Decline in traditional working class voters who use to vote labour, due to closure of mines amd factories. Also due to new working class was increase in partisan dealignment
  • Karl Marx- Increase in working class being brainwashed so change voting behaviour
  • Bilbo Baggins- Going on adventure