6. What were the views of the liberal progressives?
In favour of the development of parliamentary government; not so keen on Bismarck's idea of the power of the nation state, views closely shared by the German People's Party
Supported the Kaiser, discipline and authority, in favour of a nationalist foreign policy
Opposed Bismarck's attack on the catholic church
7. What were the views of the Centre Party?
Opposed Bismarck's attack on the Catholic church - the kulturkampf, feared rise of socialism; anti-prussia
In favour of the development of parliamentary government; not so keen on Bismarck's idea of the power of the nation state, views closely shared by the German People's Party
Nationlist; Believed in a strong nation state and encouragement of a state with a liberal constitution; supported Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church, the Kulturkampf, political allies of the Conservative parties
8. Who did the free conservatives represent?
Commercial, industrial and wealthier professional classes from across Germany
Junkers, landed interests, especially in Prussia.
Middle classes
Working classes
9. Who did the conservatives represent?
Working classes
Junkers, landed interests, especially in Prussia.
Middle classes
Industrial middle class, Protestant middle class
10. What was one reason for the flourishing of mass political parties?
Introduction of universal male suffrage
Reichstag wasn't restricted anymore.
11. Who did the Social Democratic Party (SPD) represent?
Middle classes
Working classes after Bismarck's Anti-Socialist Laws lapsed in 1890
Junkers, landed interests, especially in Prussia.
12. Who did the national liberals represent?
Working classes
Industrial middle class, protestant middle class
Junkers, landed interests, especially in Prussia.
Commercial, industrial and wealthier professional classes from across Germany
13. What were the views of the conservatives?
Believed in a strong nation state
Supported the Kaiser, discipline and authority, in favour of a nationalist foreign policy
Opposed Bismarck's attack on the catholic church
Strong Supporters of Bismarck and protectionism (i.e the state should protect German business with tariffs)