Words or phrases that express concern for others and serve to minimise threats to face.
1 of 15
Face
A speaker’s self esteem
2 of 15
Positive Face
Our need to maintain self-esteem. Positive is threatened when we are criticised in anyway
3 of 15
Negative Face
Our desire to avoid doing something we don’t want to do, such as giving money to a stranger
4 of 15
Bald on-record
Where a speaker is completely blunt and direct e.g ‘Get out!’
5 of 15
Positive Politeness
An informal approach that assumes the other party will agree e.g ‘I think that just about wraps it up, don't you?, often includes jokes and tag questions
6 of 15
Negative Politeness
A more indirect, hedged approached, often using negative constructions e.g ‘You couldnt take the bin out for me, could you?’
7 of 15
Off-record
Where no threat is made to someones face e.g ‘ anyway…’
8 of 15
Locutionary act
Saying something and meaning it
9 of 15
Illocutionary act
Saying something, but implying or suggesting something else
10 of 15
perlocutionary act
When an action or effect is brought on by our speech,
11 of 15
Quantity Maxim
Make your contribution as information and not too informative as is required (for the purpose of exchange).
12 of 15
Quality Maxim
Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence or knowledge.
13 of 15
Relation Maxim
Be relevant to the context of the conversation
14 of 15
Manner Maxim
Avoid obscurity of expression, avoid ambiguity and be orderly.
15 of 15
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A speaker’s self esteem
Back
Face
Card 3
Front
Our need to maintain self-esteem. Positive is threatened when we are criticised in anyway
Back
Card 4
Front
Our desire to avoid doing something we don’t want to do, such as giving money to a stranger
Back
Card 5
Front
Where a speaker is completely blunt and direct e.g ‘Get out!’
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