plant tissues and organs

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meristem
area of unspecialised cells within a plant that can divide and differentiate into other cell types.
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organ
collection of tissues working together to perform a fuction/related functions.
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phloem
tissues that carry products of photosynthesis, in solution, within plants.
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xylem
tissue that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to all parts of the plant.
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main tyoes of plant tissues
epidermal, vascular, meristematic.
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epidermal tissue
contains flattened cells that lack chloroplasts and form a protective covering over leaves, stems and roots (except guard cells). some have walls impregnated with a waxy substance which forms a cuticle.
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cuticles
reduce water loss, important for plants in dry places.
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vascular tissue
concerns transport. 2 types - xylem and phloem, both present in vascular bundles.
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vascular tissue
xylem vessels - carry water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant.
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vascualar tissue
phloem seive tubes - transfer thr products for photosynthesis in a solution, from the leaves to parts of the plant that don't photosynthesise (roots, flowers, growing shoots etc).
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meristematic tissue
contains stem cells. All other plant tissue are derived from meristematic tissue by differentiation. It is found at root and shoot tips and in the cambium of vascular bundles (meristems)
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meristematic tissue cells
thin cell walls; no chloroplasts; large vacuole; divide by mitosis and differentiate into other cell tyoes; eg onion root tips.
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how does xylem and phloem (vascular tissue) derive from meristems?
by mitosis
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some cambium cells differentiate into xylem vessels
lignin is deposited into the cell walls to reinforce and waterproof them, killing the cells. The cell ends break down so the xylem forms continuous columns with wide lumens to carry water and dissolved minerals.
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other cambium cells differentiate into phloem seive tubes or companion cells
seive tubes lose most of their organelles and develop seive plates between them. Companion cells retain their organelles and continue metabolic functions to provide ATP for active transport or fugars into the seive tubes.
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plant organs
a collection of tissues working together to perform the same function
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leaf
function = photosynthesis
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root
function = anchorage in soil; absorption of water and mineral ions; storage.
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stem
function = support; holds leave sin sunlight; transportation; storgae.
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flower
function = sexual reproduction.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

collection of tissues working together to perform a fuction/related functions.

Back

organ

Card 3

Front

tissues that carry products of photosynthesis, in solution, within plants.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

tissue that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to all parts of the plant.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

epidermal, vascular, meristematic.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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