Plant Responses to the Environment

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  • Created by: Neve234
  • Created on: 09-12-20 10:53
Biotic Factors (living)
Pests
Food availability
Predators - competition
Microbes + Diseases
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Abiotic Factor (Non-living)
O2 + CO2 availability
Water
Temperature
light intensity/wavelength
wind
Soil factors/Edaphic factors - e.g. nitrates, pH
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why do plants need to respond to their environment?
Gain Light
Gain Water, inorganic ions
Climb, support
Avoid abiotic stress
avoid being eaten
Survive and Reproduce
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3 Chemical Responses to Herbivores
Tannins
Alkaloids
Pheromone
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Tannins
toxic to microbes and large herbivores
e.g. in leaves and roots- taste bad(phenolic compounds)
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Alkaloids
bitter taste - concentrated in the growing tips
Nitrogen Containing e.g. nicotine/quinine/strychnine/morphine
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Pheromone
Chemical releases by one individual which can affect another
e.g. maple trees - production of callose in other branches
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Tropisms
directional growth responses of plants
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Phototropism
light intensity/direction
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Geotropism
gravity
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Chemotropism
Chemicals
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Thigmotropism
touch
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Positive Trophic Response
plant respond towards a stimulus
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Negative Trophic Response
plant respond away from a stimulus
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Nastic Response
Non-directional responses to external stimuli
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what are responses controlled by
plant growth substances/hormones
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Similarities between Plant and Animal Hormones
Chemical Messengers
Bind to receptors on plasma membrane
produced by specific cells
affect target cells
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Differences between Plant and Animal Hormones
not produced in endocrine glands - but variety of tissues in the plant
transported by diffusion/active transport/ mass flow
slow acting
may act on wider range of tissues
synergy
Antagonism
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Synergy
work together to amplify effects
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Antagonism
cancel each other out
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Methods by which plant hormones move around the plant
Active Transport
Diffusion
Mass Flow through Xylem or Phloem
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5 Plant Hormones
Cytokinins
Abscisic Acid
Auxins
Gibberellins
Ethene
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Effects of Cytokinins
Promote cell division
Delay Leaf Senescence
Overcome apical dominance
Promote Cell expansion
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Abscisic Acid
Inhibits seed germinated and growth
Causes stomatal closure when plant is stressed by low water availability
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Auxins
Promote Cell elongation
Inhibit growth of side-shoots
Inhibit leaf abscission (leaf fall)
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Gibberellins
promote seed germination and growth of stems
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Ethene
Promotes fruit ripening
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Abiotic Factor (Non-living)

Back

O2 + CO2 availability
Water
Temperature
light intensity/wavelength
wind
Soil factors/Edaphic factors - e.g. nitrates, pH

Card 3

Front

why do plants need to respond to their environment?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

3 Chemical Responses to Herbivores

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Tannins

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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