Plans for Peace in the Middle East

Camp David and the Treaty of Washington, Oslo accords and roadmap for peace 

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  • Created by: kte10
  • Created on: 06-06-21 11:50
What was shuttle diplomacy?
move back and forth between countries to organise treaties
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What agreements did Kissinger secure between different sides, through shuttle diplomacy? (before camp David, 1974) What were these treaties called?
Israeli forces would withdraw from the Suez and part of the Golan Heights
There would be UN buffer zones in between Israel and Arab states with UN peace keeping troops
Treaties of disengagement
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What was the impact of the treaties of disengagement on Egypt?
enabled them to clear the canal and reopen it in 1975
start rebuilding cities along the canal that had be devastated by Israeli attacks
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President Carter was elected in 1976, What solution to the Palestinian issue did he propose?
A separate homeland for the Palestinians
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Who came into power in Israel in June 1977 and what were his aims?
Menachem Begin- leader of Irgun
continued Israeli control of the West Bank and Gaza
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Who did Begin refuse to negotiate with when he came into power and what solution did he refuse to consider? What did his govt approve when it came to the West Bank?
PLO - referred to them as Nazis
Palestinian Homeland
Continued building of settlements on the West Bank and around Jerusalem
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What did Sadat announce in Nov. 1977 and why did he do this? Why was this seen as such a bold move?
He said that he was willing to go to Israel and negotiate a peace treaty - he wanted permanent peace and war had costed to many lives as well as devastating the economy of Egypt
In 30 years an Arab leader had never even agreed to recognise Israel let alo
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What did Sadat originally promise the Israelis?
Permanent peace that would lead to the return of occupied Arab territories - East Jerusalem and the recognition of Palestinians
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What 2 issues did the peace talks between Egypt and Israel stall on?
1- Palestinian right to self determination
2- Begin's insistence on retaining control of the West Bank and Jerusalem
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What were the 2 agreements signed at the end of the meeting between Israel and Egypt at Camp David, September 1978?
1- 'A framework for peace in the Middle East'
2- 'A framework for peace between Israel and Egypt'
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What were the key points that came from the agreement that 'A framework for peace in the Middle East'? (Agreements at camp David) What was meant by this agreement?
1- Election for self-governing Palestinian authority -'full autonomy' for the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza - replace Israeli Military authority
2- 'Legitimate rights of the Palestinian people', decide how they wish to be governed (not right to na
11 of 32
What were the key points that came from the agreement 'A framework for peace between Israel and Egypt'? (Agreements at Camp David) What was meant by this agreement?
1- Israel withdraw from Sinai within 3 years
2- Egypt regain Sinai within 3 years
3- Israeli shipping gain free passage through Suez and straits of canal
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What was the Arab response to the agreements made at Camp David, 1978?
Made them suspect that the Israeli leader had been aiming for a separate treaty with Egypt - and still maintaining control of West Bank
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How did the Palestinians respond to the agreements made at Camp David, 1978?
Felt betrayed
rejected the proposed 'autonomy' - cover for Israeli annexation of occupied territories - cover agreement with Egypt and USA (tactical agreement)
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What did Egypt and Israel agree to in the Treaty of Washington, 1979?
Recognised each others right to live in peace within their secure and recognised boundaries
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What was the US reaction to the treaty of Washington?
Diplomatic triumph - for Arab-Israeli conflict
Still Palestinian Problem
US failed to solve issue- no legitimate rights for Palestinians - undermined US credibility as honest broker
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What was the Israeli reaction to the Treaty of Washington?
Peace process was complete for them
More security gained - neutralises biggest Arab military power
US agreed to subsidise Israeli oil needs for next 15 years and replace airfields in Sinai
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What was the Egyptian reaction to the Treaty of Washington?
Made gains
regained the Sinai
Made going to war somewhat worth it
can now rebuild economy - economic aid from USA
Islamists turned against Sadat for making peace with Zionists
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What was the Arab World's reaction to the Treaty of Washington?
Sadat had broken Arab Ranks
Hadn't stood up to Israel
Hadn't secured a better deal for Palestinians
Arab states cut off relations with Egypt - closed embassies in Egypt
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What was the Palestinian reaction to the treaty of Washington?
They were now vulnerable
exposed to Israeli expansion
Israel no likely to relinquish control over Gaza and West Bank
Israelis continued to build, buy and expand on Arab land
Israel didn't recognise the PLO
US didn't want to pursue the issue
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In 1988 what did USA push Arafat (chairman of PLO) to do during peace talks and how did Israel respond?
Reject terrorism, speak out in favour of a two state solution
Recognised Israel
At first Israel was in no mood for compromise - believed that it was a propaganda exercise and didn't want to withdraw from occupied territories
21 of 32
What impact did the end of the cold war have in the peace making process between Israel and the PLO?
Communist Russia was collapsing and could no longer support Arab states - they then sought US financial aid
USA could expect Russian support in the peace making process as they now needed US financial aid
USA didn't have the threat of Israel allying with
22 of 32
Summarise the events of the Madrid Conference
Palestinians spoke on the need to compromise
Shamir was unwilling to make peace and little progress was made
Extremists from both sides tried to disrupt the talks through violence
But USA kept pressure on Israel
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Who was voted in in the new elections in Israel in 1992?
More moderate government - Rabin
promised to work for peace with Palestine
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What was agreed in the Oslo accords of 1993?
Israeli troops would withdraw from Gaza and some of the West Bank but not from military bases, Jewish settlements or Jerusalem
Elections for the Palestinian Authority - they would run the West Bank and Gaza for 5 years
Final settlement would be discussed
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Why was the Oslo accords of 1993 such a significant breakthrough?
Israel and Palestine were formally at peace
Palestinians recognised Israel and and Israel recognised the Palestinians
Put in place long term peace
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What was agreed in the Oslo accords II 1995?
Elections for Palestinian Authority would finally be held
Israeli forces would be withdrawn from Major Palestinian towns
Palestinian prisoners would be released from Israeli jails
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Summarise the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan
Plus the relationship between Israel and Syria at that time
Settled disputes over borders
Jordan became the 2nd Arab state to recognise Israel and open up trade links with them
Relations between Israel and Syria remained bitter and no agreement was reached on the return of the Golan Heights to Syria
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What were the key issues that meant a peace deal was hard to reach?
Both wanted Jerusalem as their capital
Israelis were determined to ensure continued control

Jewish settlements on the West Bank, should they be given up?

Do Palestinians want all of Palestine for their own state, Israeli concerns over security with Pa
29 of 32
What was the reaction of the Palestinians to the peace process?
they believed it was the first step to having their own independent state - Palestinian authority was a basis for their own government
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How did the Israelis react to the peace process?
believed they should maintain overall control of security in Gaza and West Bank even if troops withdraw- to protect Jewish settlers
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What was the reaction of HAMAS to the peace process?
Opposed it
believed that the Palestinians gained little
there was no recognition of Palestine from Israel- not set to be a state soon
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What agreements did Kissinger secure between different sides, through shuttle diplomacy? (before camp David, 1974) What were these treaties called?

Back

Israeli forces would withdraw from the Suez and part of the Golan Heights
There would be UN buffer zones in between Israel and Arab states with UN peace keeping troops
Treaties of disengagement

Card 3

Front

What was the impact of the treaties of disengagement on Egypt?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

President Carter was elected in 1976, What solution to the Palestinian issue did he propose?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who came into power in Israel in June 1977 and what were his aims?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Lharv2003

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the best resource ever!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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