The person is made to suffer in propotion to their wrongdoing (moral realism)
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Moral Realism?
Child sees right and wrong as real and subjective
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Heternomous Morality? Age?
Morality is not self-chosen but reflects moral codes of others. Age 5-9
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Moral Absolutes? Stage?
Actions are right or wrong regardless of the context (moral realism)
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Ego centric? Stage?
Unable to see a situation from another's point of view. (moral realism)
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Immanent Justice? Stage? Example?
Negative experiences are punishment for prior wrongdoings. (moral realism) Example- power pole in NYC
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Pre-moral stage? Age?
Child is unaware of moral issues, cannot make meaningful moral judgements. Age-
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Moral Relativism?
moral judgement is the matter of subjective opinion.
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Autonomous Morality? Age?
Judgement is based on a personal internalised moral code. Age- >10 years
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Reciprocal Punishment? Stage?
The punishment should reflect the nature of the wrongdoing. (Moral Relativism)
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De-centered? Stage?
Takes into account how another might perceive a situation. (Moral Relativism)
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Classic moral comparison story?
John unknowingly knocks over a tray of 15 cups that were behind the door. Henry knocks over 1 cup when reaching for some jam whilst his mother is out.
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Resluts of moral comparison story?
7 yr olds-focused on the consequence (John is naughtier) 9 yr olds-focused on the intention (Henry was naughtier)
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The issue of manipulating two variables? Taken into account by?
Impossible to say which variable is influencing the moral reasoning. Taken into account by Nelson.
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Cognitive demand?
Hard for younger ppts to remember the details of both stories and as a result make a decision based on moral reasoning.S
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Smetana? How does this contradict Piaget?
Found 2-9 yr olds could distinguish between behaviours that were wrong because of social conventions and wrong because of moral conventions. Piaget said both would be ruled as equally important.
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Chandler et al? What does this link to?
Children can show more advanced moral judgements when stories are more realistic and easier to understand. 7 yr old took account of intentions when story was in video form. Suggests presentation is a factor.
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Feldman et al? What does this link to?
4-5 yr olds and 8-9 yr olds would base their moral judgements on the story they heard last. This suggest cognitive load is a factor.
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Nelson? How does this contradict Piaget?
Used four stories rather than two (only have to change one variable). Found that three yr olds could take intention into account. This suggest that Piaget's theory is too simplistic/ an underestimation
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Cross cultural support? Theorist?
In a study involving both Spanish and English ppts, Linaza confirmed Piaget's sequence of stage in the understanding of rules.
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