Physiology and Pathology-Respiratory diseases

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  • Created by: jessica
  • Created on: 13-02-13 07:42
When does respiratory failure occur?
Arterial PO2 becomes lower than 60mmHg at sea level and is accompanied with raised/lowered PCO2
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What can respiratory failure be caused by?
drugs, head injury or stroke. Injuries to the spinal cord and things like polio can also cause it.Peripheral nerve demyelination, muscular dystrophy, airway obstruction, lung tissue damage and pulmonary emboli will also cause it.
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What are obstructive diseases?
Increased resistance to airflow which can be caused by excessive mucus.e.g. COPD (emphysema+ chronic bronchitis)
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What are restrictive diseases?
Expansion of the lung restricted e.g. Pulmonary fibrosis, where there is thickening of the alveolar wall. Alternatively diseases of the chest wall can be restrictive e.g. ankylasing spondylitis
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How can airway resistance be increased?
******* contractions of smooth muscles in bronchioles, increased mucus production, inflammation of bronchiole walls.
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Describe emphysema
enlargement of the air spaces in the respiratory zone by destruction of airway walls. . Is a result of proteases destroying the tissue. Lungs lose elasticity and compliance increases.This makes the airways more likely to collapse during expiration.
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Describe chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the airways lasting for more than three months a year for more than two years in a row.The inflammation reduces the diameter of the airways, which can lead to destruction of the normal tissue and fibrosis.
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Card 2

Front

What can respiratory failure be caused by?

Back

drugs, head injury or stroke. Injuries to the spinal cord and things like polio can also cause it.Peripheral nerve demyelination, muscular dystrophy, airway obstruction, lung tissue damage and pulmonary emboli will also cause it.

Card 3

Front

What are obstructive diseases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are restrictive diseases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How can airway resistance be increased?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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