Physics paper 2

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  • Created by: Ellie
  • Created on: 30-05-13 17:14
What happens if you apply a force on an object?
the object exerts the exact opposite force back
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What is a vector quantity?
a quantity that has size and direction
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Give an example of a vector quantity
force, velocity, acceleration and momentum
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What is a scalar quantity?
A quantity that only has size
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Give an example of a scalar quantity?
mass temperature and time
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How do you find the resultant force?
you subtract the backward force from the forward force
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What does momentum equal?
mass times velocity
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What does momentum before equal?
momentum after
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state the equation linking force momentum and time
force=change in momentum / time
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if an object is balanced what does the total clockwise moment equal?
the total anticlockwise moment
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How does change in voltage affect the energy transferred?
the bigger the change in voltage the more energy is transferred
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What is built up static caused by?
friction
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Describe how static electricity is created?
two insulating materials are rubbed. electrons scrape off one and go on to another
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What are the charges left after static electricity has been made?
positive electrostatic and negative electrostatic
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Describe how a Van De Graaf generator works
a rubber belt moves around plastic rollers under a metal dome. this builds up an electrostatic charge so if you stand on an insulated object your hair will stand on end
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Describe how an inkjet printer works
drops of ink are shot between 2 metal plates (one positive and one negative) each droplet is deflected differently to create a printout
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Describe how a photocopier works
an image of what you're copying is projected onto a positively charged plate the charged bits attract toner. the paper is heated so the powered sticks
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How does lightening occur?
raindrops and ice bump together with in a cloud creating a charge this leaves the top of the cloud positive and the bottom of the cloud negative making a spark
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How does the width of the wavelength in comparison to the size of the gap affect the amount of diffraction?
the wider the gap in comparison to the wavelength the less diffraction. When the gap is the same as the wavelength it has reached maximum diffraction
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What is the difference between the range of values in analogue and digital?
digital signals can only take 2 values and analogue signals can take any
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What happens to the interference when you amplify an analogue signal?
the interference is amplified so the signal loses quality
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What is multiplexing?
when multiple digital signals are transmitted at the same time
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what is Quantisation?
rounding multiple signal values
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How does an oscilloscope display sound waves?
a microphone converts sound into electrical signals which are displayed on an oscilloscope it tells you the sounds pitch and volume
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What are the advantages of fossil fuels?
burning them releases a lot of energy cheaply, its a reliable source
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What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
they release CO2 and SO2 into the atmosphere and they will eventually run out
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of nuclear reactors
they're expensive to build and maintain, theres a risk of radioactive leaks, it doesn't produce greenhouse gases
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of wind farms
they're cheap and reliable, they're renewable, they spoil the view, they're noisy and they're expensive to set up
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of geothermal energy
its free and renewable, it causes no environmental problems, its expensive to drill beneath the ground and build power plants
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of wave power
no pollution, renewable, spoils view, hazard to boats and is initially expensive
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of solar energy
its renewable, initially expensive, no pollution, generates electricity on a small scale
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of tidal energy
no pollution, renewable, prevent boat access, spoil the view and alter habitats
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Evaluate the positives and negatives of hydroelectricity
its renewable, no pollution, alters habitats, its reliable
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Describe the structure of a solid
particles are close together in a fixed arrangement with strong forces of attraction
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Describe the structure of a liquid
particles close together that are able to move past each other in random directions at slow speed
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Describe the structure of a gas
No forces of attraction between the particles they have lots of energy and are free to move at high speeds in random directions
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What happens when you heat a liquid?
heat energy makes the particles move faster this makes bubbles of gas form - this is boiling
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What happens when you heat a solid?
heat energy makes the particles vibrate faster until the forces are broken making a liquid - this is melting
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Describe evaporation
when particles escape from a liquid and form gas particles
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Which particles are able to escape in evaporation?
the particles travelling in the right direction at a fast enough speed
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State the equation linking pressure and temperature
pressure 1/temperature 1 = pressure 2/ temperature 2
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What is a soft magnet?
a magnet that loses its magnetism quickly
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What do transformers do?
they change the size of the voltage of an alternating current
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What does a transformer looks like?
an iron core with two coils one primary one secondary
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Describe a step up transformer
a transformer with more turns on the secondary coil than on the primary
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Describe a step down transformer
a transformer with more turns on the primary coil than on the secondary coil
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State the equation linking voltage and turns on a coil
primary voltage/secondary voltage = number of primary turns / number of secondary turns
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State the equation linking primary current and voltage to secondary current and voltage
primary voltage x primary current = secondary voltage x secondary current
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When is a step up transformer used?
to boost the voltage before it is transmitted
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When is a step down transformer used?
to reduce the voltage so its safe to use in homes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a vector quantity?

Back

a quantity that has size and direction

Card 3

Front

Give an example of a vector quantity

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a scalar quantity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give an example of a scalar quantity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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