Physics P4

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Doctors send pregnant women to hospital to have an ultrasound, what else is ultrasound used for?
Another variation for the use of ultrasound is for the treatment for kidney stones. The ultrasound shatters the solid stone in the patient's kidney and will then pass out through the urethra as they urinate.
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If ultrasound scans are powerful enough to shatter stones should we be using them on unborn babies?
It depends on the power of the ultrasound. Low power ultrasound waves reflect off a baby to show the baby and the outline of the body but strong beams will hit the kidney stone and make it vibrate so it shakes itself apart and shatters.
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What is ultrasound?
Longitudinal waves that means they are caused by something vibrating which then puts pressure on the nearest molecules and pushes them closer together. The air molecules are vibrating forward and back along the direction of the wave.
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What is it called when the air particles are closer together in a high pressure area and where the air particles are further away in a low pressure area?
High pressure: a compression. Low pressure: a rarefaction.
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Can radiation also be a cure for illnesses as well as be deadly?
Radiation is actually less likely to give you cancer, whereas smoking is actually very high. Radiotherapy uses gamma radiation to kill the tumour cells, which is the only treatment for cancer.
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What else is gamma radiation used for?
Apart from cancer treatments, it is used to sterilise hospital equipment and as a radioactive tracer to see how the blood is flowing around the body or whether your lungs are working properly.
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What other types of radiation are there apart from gamma radiation?
The others are alpha radiation and beta radiation.
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What can gamma rays and beta particles do that alpha particles cannot?
Gamma rays and beta particles can travel through skin whereas alpha particles cannot because they are bigger and heavier. They travel slowly and interact too much with the atoms in the skin so they are stopped before they pass through the skin.
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How are gamma rays and x-rays different?
They have different sources. Gamma rays are natural and come out of the nucleus of some atoms. X-rays are manufactured by firing electrons at metals.
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What is the danger of using gamma radiation?
Gamma radiation can kill any living cells that it hits - both tumour cells and healthy cells.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It depends on the power of the ultrasound. Low power ultrasound waves reflect off a baby to show the baby and the outline of the body but strong beams will hit the kidney stone and make it vibrate so it shakes itself apart and shatters.

Back

If ultrasound scans are powerful enough to shatter stones should we be using them on unborn babies?

Card 3

Front

Longitudinal waves that means they are caused by something vibrating which then puts pressure on the nearest molecules and pushes them closer together. The air molecules are vibrating forward and back along the direction of the wave.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

High pressure: a compression. Low pressure: a rarefaction.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Radiation is actually less likely to give you cancer, whereas smoking is actually very high. Radiotherapy uses gamma radiation to kill the tumour cells, which is the only treatment for cancer.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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