Physics G484 Definitions

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  • Created by: Immy
  • Created on: 13-12-12 18:36
Linear momentum
mass multiplied by its velocity
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Principle of conservation of momentum
When bodies interact, their total momentum is constant, provided no external force acts
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Newton's first law
An object continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by a net force
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Newton's second law
When a net force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the force producing it, and takes place in the direction of the force
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Newton's third law
When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal in magnitude, but they act in opposite directions
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Impulse
change in momentum
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Gravitational field strength
Force per unit mass that acts on an object placed at that point
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Simple harmonic motion
When the acceleration of mass is directed towards a fixed point and is proportional to its displacement from that point
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Free oscillations
Mass vibrates freely at its natural frequency
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Displacement
Distance of the mass from its equilibrium position
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Amplitude
Greatest value of the displacement
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Period
Time for one complete oscillation
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Frequency
Number of oscillations per second
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Angular frequency
Number of oscillations per second, measured in radians
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Resonance
When the forcing frequency matches the natural frequency of free oscillations, the amplitude increases to a large value
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Internal energy
The internal energy of a system is the sum of a random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the particles of the system
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Pressure
Force per unit area
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Thermal energy
When energy is transferred because of a temperature difference
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Thermal equilibrium
When two objects/regions are at the same temperature, no thermal energy is transferred between them
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Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1K
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Latent heat of fusion
The energy which must be supplied to fuse a substance (melt it)
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Latent heat of vaporisation
The energy which must be supplied to vaporise a substance (liquid to gas)
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Boyle's law
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure
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Ideal gas
Any gas which obeys the relationship pV/T = constant
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When bodies interact, their total momentum is constant, provided no external force acts

Back

Principle of conservation of momentum

Card 3

Front

An object continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by a net force

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

When a net force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the force producing it, and takes place in the direction of the force

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal in magnitude, but they act in opposite directions

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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