Physics

Yr 7 and some GCSE Physics stuff about Renewable and Non-Renewable energy, electricity, circuits and space :P

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  • Created by: Akki
  • Created on: 29-04-13 20:36
What is Gravitational pull?
Gravitational pull is a force which acts between all masses.
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What is the Gravitational field strength on the Earth and how does it vary from size of the planet/moon.
The gravitational field strength on Earth is 10N/kg. On the moon it is lower, but on a bigger planet like Jupiter it is higher. Gravitational field strength also decreases the further you are from a planet.
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How do you calculate weight (the force due to gravity)?
The equation is W = mg.
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Does mass change on different planets.
Mass doesn’t change on different planets, but weight does, because the G.F.S is different.
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What are the names and order of the planets?
Mercury--->Venus--->Earth--->Mars--->Jupiter--->Saturn--->Uranus--->Neptune.
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What are the natures of the planets (rocky or gas)?
Mercury (rocky), Venus (rocky), Earth (rocky), Mars (rocky), Jupiter (gas), Saturn (gas), Uranus (gas), Neptune (gas).
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What are the effects that planets face from being further away from the sun?
Further from the sun, planets take longer to orbit the sun and are usually colder (although Venus is different due to its atmosphere and greenhouse effect).
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What is the sun?
The sun is nearest star and the source of our energy on Earth
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What is caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis relative to the sun?
How the seasons, and length of the day on Earth is caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis relative to the sun.
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How do stars produce energy?
Stars produce energy due to nuclear fusion happening inside them
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What are galaxies?
The universe contains billions of stars clustered in groups called galaxies. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
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What are light years?
The distances between stars are vast and can be measured in light years. One light year is the distance light travels in one year.
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What do many of us believe about how all the matter in the universe originated.
We believe all the matter in the universe originated at a single point and exploded outwards in the “Big Bang”. One piece of evidence for this is the “redshift” of light from distant galaxies which suggests all the galaxies are moving away from us, a
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What are the phases of the moon?
New--->Waxing Cresent--->First Quarter--->Waxing Gibbous--->Full--->Waning Gibbous--->Last Quarter--->Waning Cresent.
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What is a eclipse of the moon?
A lunar eclipse is when the time when the moon goes through the Earth's shadow. The moon is not invisible, because a small amount of diffused light will reach it.
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What are polar orbit satellites?
They are satellites that ar eused to collect detailed information from around the world. These are slightly closer to the Earth than geostationary satellites and their orbital period is only 2 hours. This is used for weather monitering and spying.
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What are geostationary satellites?
Geostationary satellites are further away from the Earth than Polar orbit satellites. Their orbital period is 24 hours (It goes round the equator) and it is used for communitcations.
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What are asteroids?
They are small rocky bodies, that are mainly orbiting betweenthe orbits of Mars and Jupiter (The asteroid belt). Some orbit go close to the Earth and can collide.
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What are meteors?
They are small pieces of asteroids or comets, which are not usually visible from Earth. Meteors can also be spacecraft debris. If they enter the Earth's atmosphere and collect heat energy, which makes them glow, we call them 'shooting stars'.
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What are meteorites?
Meteors that are large enough to travel through the Earth's atmosphere and hit the Earth are called Meterorites. Many craters are made from Meteorites.
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What are comets?
There are made of ice and dust. Comets orbit the Sun in very elongated orbits. Their white tails also face away from the Sun and they were created at the same time as the Solar System.
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What is a series circuit?
In a series circuit the bulb(s) and the cell(s) are placed in one loop. If there is one break in the circuit the electrons cannot flow through the wires and no current flows. The more bulbs that are added, the dimmer each bulb will be.
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What is a parallel circuit?
In this circuit there is more than one possible path for the current to flow round. If one bulb breaks the others will continue to work.
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Does adding bulbs or cells to a parallel circuit effect its brightness?
No, but it does with series circuits.
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What are the advantages of connecting bulbs in series and parallel?
Series- You can make the bulbs brighter or dimmer (adjusting), by adding more cells/bulbs. Parallet- If one bulb breaks only that bulb will go out, so it is easy to identify the broken bulb and to fix it.
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What is charge?
Charge is the amount of coloumbs (the measurement of charge) flows through a device each second. A current of 1A means 1C of charge passes through the device per second.
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What is an electron?
Electrons move from the negative terminal of a cell to the posetiven terminal of a cell (they are negatively charged). Electrons are what make up electricity.
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What does Q=IT mean?
Coloumbs = Current x Time
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What happens to current at the junction of a parallel circuit
The current gets to a junction and splits up to go through each branch.
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What is the effect of changing the number of cells on the current?
The effect is that there will less/more electrons flowing through the circuit. If it's a series circuit, then the brightness of the bulb(s) will increase/decrease. If it is a parrallel circuit, then the circuit will last longer/shorter.
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What is the effect of resistance in a circuit?
Making it more difficult for electrons to flow, making the bulb(s) dimmer.
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What happens to resistance when resistors (or other devices) are added in series?
The resistance is increased.
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What is resistance measured in?
Ohms (Ω)
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How does the resistance of a wire depend on its length and area?
A ong thin wire would have a high resistance as it would be very difficult for the electrons to pass through, a short thick wire would have a much lower resistance.
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How does resistance affect current?
Resistance makes it more difficult for electrons to flow meaning their will be a much smaller current.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Coal:
The coal is burnt at power stations to generate electricity, it also can be burnt on open fires.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Solar:
Solar energy comes directly from the Sun. Photocells are used to power satellites and to power calculators. These convert light enerrgy directly to electrical energy. In hot countries, water is pumped through solar panels, which is heated by the sun.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Wind:
When wind blows it drives wind turbines that generate electricity. Wind turbines are grouped together on wind farms. These wind farms need to be in a place where there are often strong winds. Sutiable sites are often on the coast or in hilly regions.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Nuclear:
Nuclear fission is used in power stations to generate electricity. Uranium-235 is the fuel used. A uranium atom breaks up and releases energy when a relatively slow moving neutron hits it. Power stations would explode if boron rods weren't used.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Hydroelectric:
Hydroelectricity can only be used where there is good rainfall. Hydroelectricity is the kinetic energy of flowing water being converted to electrical energy by a turbine.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Tidal:
The best place to capture tidal energy is in large river estuaries. Although the heights of tides do vary they are still very reliable: high and low tides will always occur twice a day. Tidal-stream turbines are placed where strong currents flow.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Biomass:
Biomass refers to the chemical energy stored in plant and vegetable matter. Sewage, dung, rotting food and vegetable matter can be fermented to produce methane gas that can then be burnt.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Geothermal:
Geysers found in places like Iceland release some energy from beneath the Earth's crust less violently compared to a volcano. The steam can be used to generate electricity. This energy source isn't dependent on the Sun.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Wave:
Waves at sea are caused by the wind stirring up the surface of the water. Wave energy can be captured and used to generate electricity. This can also be done by a generator built into a cliff or generators floating on the sea.
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Classify some resources as renewable or non renewable:
Renewable- Wave, Wind, Solar, Tidal, Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Biomass. Non renewable- Gas, Coal, Nuclear, Oil.
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What's the meaning of fossil fuels and how are they are formed?
Coal, Oil and Natural Gas are fossil fuels. They have been formed over millions of years from the fossilised remains of trees, plants and sea creatures.The formation of fossil fuels are indirectly dependent on the Sun, as it's the source of all life
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What's the meaning of the term “greenhouse effect” and what causes it?
Heat trapped in the atmosphere by gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. This heats the Earth up.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Wind Energy?
Cost- A wind farm costs (to build) aproximately as much as a Power Station does. Enviroment- It's renewable and dosen't contribute to green-house effect. Reliability- Not reliable. Sutibility- There are strong winds on the coast and hilly regions.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Solar Energy?
Cost- Photocells are relatively expensive and solar panels aren't too expensive. Enviroment- renewable and dosen't contribute to the green-house effect. Reliability- reliable in sunny and hot regions.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Nuclear Energy?
Cost- Quite expensive as Power Stations must be built. Enviroment- Non renewable and a nuclear aciddent would be a huge international disaster. Reliabilty- reliable untill the uranium runs out. Sutibilty- Power Stations can be built anywhere.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Fossil Fuels?
Cost- average price. Enviroment- Non renewable and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Reliability- reliable untill it runs out. Sutibility- Power Stations can be built anywhere.
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How do you calculate an average?
Add all the vital data together together and divide it by the number of data ther is (mean average). e.g. 1,5,3,4,6. 1+5+3+4+7=20 20÷5=4. Average: 4.
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What does an independent variable mean?
The variable that you change in an investigation.
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What does a dependent variable mean?
The variable that you measure in an investigation.
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What does a controlled variable mean?
A variable kept constant during an experiment.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Tidal:
The best place to capture tidal energy is in large river estuaries. Although the heights of tides do vary they are still very reliable: high and low tides will always occur twice a day. Tidal-stream turbines are placed where strong currents flow.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Biomass:
Biomass refers to the chemical energy stored in plant and vegetable matter. Sewage, dung, rotting food and vegetable matter can be fermented to produce methane gas that can then be burnt.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Geothermal:
Geysers found in places like Iceland release some energy from beneath the Earth's crust less violently compared to a volcano. The steam can be used to generate electricity. This energy source isn't dependent on the Sun.
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Describe the way energy is generated using Wave:
Waves at sea are caused by the wind stirring up the surface of the water. Wave energy can be captured and used to generate electricity. This can also be done by a generator built into a cliff or generators floating on the sea.
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Classify some resources as renewable or non renewable:
Renewable- Wave, Wind, Solar, Tidal, Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Biomass. Non renewable- Gas, Coal, Nuclear, Oil.
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What's the meaning of fossil fuels and how are they are formed?
Coal, Oil and Natural Gas are fossil fuels. They have been formed over millions of years from the fossilised remains of trees, plants and sea creatures.The formation of fossil fuels are indirectly dependent on the Sun, as it's the source of all life
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What's the meaning of the term “greenhouse effect” and what causes it?
Heat trapped in the atmosphere by gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. This heats the Earth up.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Wind Energy?
Cost- A wind farm costs (to build) aproximately as much as a Power Station does. Enviroment- It's renewable and dosen't contribute to green-house effect. Reliability- Not reliable. Sutibility- There are strong winds on the coast and hilly regions.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Solar Energy?
Cost- Photocells are relatively expensive and solar panels aren't too expensive. Enviroment- renewable and dosen't contribute to the green-house effect. Reliability- reliable in sunny and hot regions.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Nuclear Energy?
Cost- Quite expensive as Power Stations must be built. Enviroment- Non renewable and a nuclear aciddent would be a huge international disaster. Reliabilty- reliable untill the uranium runs out. Sutibilty- Power Stations can be built anywhere.
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What is the cost, environmental effect, reliability, suitability to the location, of Fossil Fuels?
Cost- average price. Enviroment- Non renewable and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Reliability- reliable untill it runs out. Sutibility- Power Stations can be built anywhere.
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How do you calculate an average?
Add all the vital data together together and divide it by the number of data ther is (mean average). e.g. 1,5,3,4,6. 1+5+3+4+7=20 20÷5=4. Average: 4.
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What does an independent variable mean?
The variable that you change in an investigation.
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What does a dependent variable mean?
The variable that you measure in an investigation.
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What does a controlled variable mean?
A variable kept constant during an experiment.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the Gravitational field strength on the Earth and how does it vary from size of the planet/moon.

Back

The gravitational field strength on Earth is 10N/kg. On the moon it is lower, but on a bigger planet like Jupiter it is higher. Gravitational field strength also decreases the further you are from a planet.

Card 3

Front

How do you calculate weight (the force due to gravity)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Does mass change on different planets.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the names and order of the planets?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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