Physics- Waves
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- Created by: Kitsune
- Created on: 07-03-17 00:17
How does sound travel through air?
As vibrations
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What is the speed of sound in air?
330 m/s
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What is the speed of sound in water?
1500 m/s
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What is an echo?
Reflection of sound from a hard surface back to the ear
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In what material does sound travel fastest?
Solid
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What is a period?
Number of seconds for one vibration
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What is frequency?
Number of vibrations for one second
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Higher pitch means...
Higher frequency
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Louder note means...
Greater amplitude
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What is the range of human hearing?
20 Hz to 20 000 Hz
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What is the sound below 20 Hz called?
Infrasound
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What is the sound above 20 000 Hz called?
Ultrasound
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Why can't sound travel in a vacuum?
There aren't any particles
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In a sound wave, the area where the particles are compressed is called...
Compression
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In a sound wave, the area where the particles are far apart is called...
Rarefaction
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What is the line between the incidence ray and the reflected ray called?
Normal line
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What is the law of reflection?
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
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Why are angles always measured from the normal line?
Because the other surface may be curved
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Describe the image reflected by a plane mirror.
same size as the object, same distance behind the mirror as in front of it, left-right inverted, virtual
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What is done to the rays to help us see where the image is formed on a mirror?
They are extrapolated
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What is refraction?
The bending of rays of light when they travel from one material to another
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Give two examples of refraction.
Diamond sparkling, twinkling of stars
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When is light not refracted?
When the angle of incidence is 0
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Why does light change direction as the material changes?
Its speed changes
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Rays bent ... normal when entering and ... when exiting
Toward, away from
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What is the speed of light?
3 x 10^8
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What is the refractive index?
The quantity that describes how much light is slowed down
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When will the refracted ray be parallel to the block?
When the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle
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When the angle of incidence is more than the critical angle...
Total internal reflection occurs
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What is the critical angle?
The point where, or beyond it total internal refection occurs
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The ... the refractive index the ... the critical angle
Larger, smaller
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What are the uses of total internal reflection?
Periscopes and endoscopes, optical fibres and inserting aircraft
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What types of lenses are there?
Converging and diverging
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What is the distance from the lens to the focal point?
Focal length
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Giva an example of a converging lens.
Magnifying glass
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What is a real image?
Can be formed on a screen, light rays actually meet after reflection
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What is a virtual image?
Cannot be formed on a screen, light rays don't meet after refraction
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What is the image formed when an object is at >2F?
diminished, inverted, real
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What is the image formed when an object is at 2F?
Same size, real, inverted.
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What is the image formed when an object is between Fs?
Real, magnified, inverted
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What is the image formed when an object is closer than F?
Virtual, magnified, upright
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What is the wavelength?
The distance from one crest to the next
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What is an amplitude?
Maximum distance from the horizontal line to the crest
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What is wave speed?
The rate at which the crest of a wave travels along
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Waves transfer energy...
without transferring the matter
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What is a transverse wave?
The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
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What is a longitudinal wave?
The oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
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Changing speed means changing...
Wave length
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What are wavefronts?
The lines that represent top of the ripples
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What is the distance between wavefronts equal to?
Wavelength
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What do ripples undergo when passing through a gap?
Diffraction
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When is the effect of diffraction greatest?
When the width of a gap is equal to the wavelength
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Why does diffraction occur?
When ripples arrive at the gap barrier water moves up and down, setting of a new set of circular ripples
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What is dispersion?
Splitting up of white light into a spectrum
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Why does dispersion occur?
Because each color in white light is refracted by a different amount
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Which color in white light is refracted most?
Violet
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Which color in white light is refracted least?
Red
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What d you call a light of a single frequency?
Monochromatic
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What radiation is beyond red light?
Infra red
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What radiation is beyond violet light?
Ultraviolet
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What types of waves are electromagnetic waves?
Transverse
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Where does light travel fastest?
In a vacuum
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Name all waves as you go along the electromagnetic wave spectrum.
Radio waves, micro waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays
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What are the uses of radio waves?
Radio, telecommunication, TV
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What are the uses of microwaves?
Cooking, mobiles and satellites
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What are the uses of infrared radiation?
Remote controls, digital cameras
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What are the uses of ultraviolet radiation?
Discos, tanning salons
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What are the uses of x rays?
Medical imagery and security
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What are the uses of gamma rays?
Cancer treatment and sterilizing
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What are the dangers of x and y rays?
Cancer
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What are the dangers of microwaves and infra red radiation?
Burns
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Describe how light travels along an optical fibre.
Inside, light travels along by total internal reflection. Each time it strikes the inside of the fibre the angle of i is> than critical angle. No light is lost.
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Why does no light escape an optical fibre?
No light is lost as it is reflected because it is reflected by total internal reflection.
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Describe how an endoscope works.
One bundle of fibres carries light down into the body. Another bundle carries the image back to the viewer.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the speed of sound in air?
Back
330 m/s
Card 3
Front
What is the speed of sound in water?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is an echo?
Back
Card 5
Front
In what material does sound travel fastest?
Back
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