Physics Paper 2

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  • Created by: IJM22
  • Created on: 21-01-19 16:11
Name some examples of scalar quantities?
Mass, temperature and time
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What do scalar quantites only have?
Magnititude (size)
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What is true about scalar quantities?
They do not have direction
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What is distance?
A scalar quantity
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Do scalar quantities have a direction?
No?
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Name some vector quantities?
Displacement, weight, force and velocity
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What do vector and scalar quantities have?
Magnitude and direction
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What does distance not tell us?
Direction
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What is displacement?
Distance in a specific direction
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What must you state when it comes to displacement?
Magnitude and direction
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How you can represent vectors?
By using arrows
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What does the length of the arrow represent?
The magnitude of the vector
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What is a force?
Push or a pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object
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What do forces both have?
Magnitude and direction
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What quantity is force?
Vector
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What is the unit for force?
N - newtons
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What two catergories can forces be divided into?
Contact forces and non-contact forces
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How do forces take place?
When all forces take place when two object interact
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What happens in contact forces?
The two objects are physically touching
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What is an example of a contact force?
Tension in a rope
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Name another type of an contact force?
Friction
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Name another type of contact force?
Air resistance
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Explain how air resistance can slow down a parachute?
As the skydiver falls through the air, air particles collide with the parachute
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What happens when the air particles collide with the parachute?
It causes the force of air resistance to act upwards
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What is non contact force?
When the two objects are physically separated
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What does graviational force do?
Attracts all objects to other objects
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What is electrostatic force?
Force between two charged objects
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How does electrostatic force work?
Objects with opposite charges experince an electrostatic force of attraction
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What do electrostatic forces with the same type of charge experince?
Electrostatic force of repulsion
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What is magnetic force?
Force experinced by certain objects in a magnetic field
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What is gravity?
Force of attraction between all objects
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What is gravity? A non contact force or a contact force?
Non-contact force because the two objects do not need touching
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What quantity is gravity and why?
A vector as it has magnitude and direction
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What does the mass of an object tell us?
How much matter the object has in it
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What is unit of mass?
Kilogram
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What is mass? A scalar quantity or vector and why?
A scalar quantity because it has no direction
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What is the unit for weight?
N - newtons
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What does graviation field strength mean?
The measure of the force of gravity in a particular location
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What is the equation for weight?
Weight = mass * gravitational field strength
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How can we determine an object's weight?
By using a calibrated spring-balance (newton meter)
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What does resultant force mean?
A single force that has the same effect as all of the original forces acting together
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How do work out the resultant force?
We subtract the smaller force from the larger force
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What is the equation for work done?
Work done(J) = force x distance (m)
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What is work?
A measure of energy transfer
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What is kinetic energy?
Energy stored in moving places
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What happens when a car brakes?
Kinetic energy store of the car is transferred to thermal energy store of the brakes
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How do you change an object's length or shape?
Apply more than one force
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State something about ineslastic materials?
They do not return to their original length when the forces are removed
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Name an example of inelastic materials?
Certain poylmers
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What is the equation to work out the stretch of an elastic object?
F = k (N/m) x e
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Calculate the force required to extend a spring by 0.04 metres. The sprind constant is 200 N/m
1) F = k (N/m) x e 2) F = 200 N/m x 0.04m 3) F = 8 Newtons
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What is the equation to calculate compression?
F = k (N/m) x e (compression) (m)
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What does distance tell us?
How far an object moves
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What does displacement mean?
Distance that an objects moves in a straight line from start to finish point
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What is the equation for speed?
Speed = distance (m) / time (s)
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What is the typical walking speed?
1.5 m/s
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What is the typical running speed?
3 m/s
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What is the typical speed for cycling?
6 m/s
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What is the typical speed for crusing aeroplane?
250 m/s
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What is the speed of sound in air?
330 m/s
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What is the equation calculate the distance travelled by an object moving at a constant sped?
Distance = speed (m/s) / time (s)
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What is the equation for gradient?
Gradient = distance travelled/time taken
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What is the equation for acceleration?
Acceleration = change in velocity/time
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What does velocity of an object tell us?
Speed in a given distance
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What does the acceleration of an object tell us?
The change in velcocity over a given time
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A car is travelling at a velocity 15 m/s2 North. It accelerates to a velcocity of 35 m/s North in 20 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the car.
1) Acceleration = change in velocity (m/s) / time taken (s) 2) Acceleration = 35-15/20 = 1 m/s2
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How can we calculate the acceleration of an object?
By using a velcocity-time graph
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What does the gradient of a velocity tell us?
Tell us the acceleration of the object
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How do you calculate the acceleration in the first part of the graph of a velcocity-time graph?
Acceleration = final velocity - inital velocity/ time
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What does the total area under the graph of a velocity time-graph tlel us?
Tells us the distance travelled in a specific direction
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How do you calculate the accelaration of an object if it is moving at a constant rate?
v2 - U2 = 2as
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What does 'v2' mean?
Final velocity (m/s)
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What does 'u2' mean?
Initial velcocity (m/s2)
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What happens when a skydiver falls?
He experinces an upward force of friction with the air particles
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What is it called when a skydiver experinces an upward force of friction with air particles?
Air resistance
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What is true about some objects?
They experince a greater force of friciton due to their shpe so they will have a lower terminal velcocity
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What happens is true about the resultant force acting on a stationary object is zeo?
Then the object will remain stationary
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What does Newton's second law of motion state?
The acceleration of an object is proportinal to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
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What is true about the acceleration of an object?
It is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object
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What does it mean if we have a greater force?
Then we have a greater acceleration
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What happens if the mas is larger?
Then the acceleration will be smaller
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What is the equation to calculate force?
Force (N) × Mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s2)
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Calculate the force needed to accelerate an object with a mass of 5kg by 4 m/s2
1) Force = mass × acceleration 2) 5 kg × 4 m/s2
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What is the speed cars usually travel at on a main road?
13 m/s2
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What is the speed cars usually travel at on a motorway
30 m/2
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What is the speed of a car which goes from a main road to a motorway?
2 m/s2
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What is inertia?
When an object will stay stationary, or continue moving at the same speed and direction unless a resultant force is applied
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What is the intertial mass?
Measurement of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
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What will a large intertial mass require?
A large force to produce a given acceleration than an object with a smaller intertial mass
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What does the stopping distance of a car consist of?
The thinking distance plus the braking distance
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What happens if the speed of a car increases?
Then the braking distance increases a great deal
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What happens when a car brakes?
The kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy in the brakes which then causes the temperature of the brakes to increase
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What is true about the greater the speed?
The greater the braking force needed to stop the car in a certain distance
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What do objects that are not moving not have?
No kinetic energy
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What is the equation for momentum?
Momentum (kg m/s) × mass × velocity
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A car has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 20 m/s. Calculate the momentum of the car?
1) Momentum × mass × velcocity 2) 1000 × 20 = 20,000 m/s
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What happens in a closed system?
The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after an event
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Define stopping distance?
The total distance travelled from when the driver first spots the obstruction to when the car stops
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Define thinking distance?
Distance travelled by the car during the driver's reaction time
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do scalar quantites only have?

Back

Magnititude (size)

Card 3

Front

What is true about scalar quantities?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is distance?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Do scalar quantities have a direction?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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