What is the closeness of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
very close in solids, close in liquids, far apart in gases
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What is the arrangement of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
regular pattern in solids, randomly arranged in liquids and gases
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What is the movement of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
vibrate in a fixed position in solids, move around each other in liquids, move quickly in all directions in gases
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What is the energy of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
low in solids, greater in liquids, highest in gases
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What one piece of equipment can be used to find the density of an irregualr object?
eureka(displacement) can
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How would you use the eureka can to do this?
meausure mass of object with a balance, fill eureka can to the top wioth water and wait for water to displace until you add the object. Record displaced water in a measuring cyclinder (its volume). Then, do mass/volume to find the density
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What happens to the mass of an object when it changes state?
It is conserved (stays the same)
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What type of change is changes of state?
Physical
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Why do physical changes differ from chemical changes?
Because the material can recover its original properties if the change is reversed
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What is energy stored inside?
A system
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What makes up the system?
Particles (atoms and molecules)
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What type of energy is the energy stored inside a system by particles?
Internal energy
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What is internal energy?
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
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How does heating change the energy stored within the system?
It increases the energy of the particles that make up the system
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What 2 things can heating cause?
raise of temperature or a change of state
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What does the increase in temperature of the system depend on? (equation)
mass of substance heated, type of material, energy input to the system
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How can you work out the change in thermal energy?
mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
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Define specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 degree Celsius
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What is the unit of measurement for specific heat capacity?
J/kg degrees Celsius
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Define latent heat
The energy needed for a substance to change state
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When a change of state happens, what does the energy supplied change and what doesn't it change?
Changes energy stored (internal energy), doesn't change temperature
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How can you work out the energy for a change of state?
mass x specific latent heat
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What is the unit of measurement for specific latent heat?
J/kg
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What is specific latent heat of fusion?
change of state from solid to liquid
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What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?
change of state from liquid to vapour (gas)
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what is a physcial change?
a change where you don't end up with a new substance
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What sort of motion are molecules of a gas in?
Constant random motion
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What is the temperature of the gas related to?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
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What may change if the temperature of a gas changes?
the pressure exerted by the gas
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What must be constant for this to happen?
the volume
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What 2 things can happen when the pressure changes in a gas?
can be compressed or expanded
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What does the pressure produce and at what angle to the wall of any surface? (such as container)
a net force at right angles to the wall of the gas container
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What can be said about a fixed mass of gas held at a constant pressure?
pressure x volume = constant
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What is the unit for pressure?
pascals (Pa)
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Define work
The transfer of energy by a force
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What can doing work on a gas increase?
The internal energy of the gas
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What can this then cause?
An increase in temperature of the gas
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the unit for volume?
Back
m^3
Card 3
Front
What is the unit for density?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the closeness of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the arrangement of particles like in solids, liquids and gases?
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