dark matt objects are what of of infrared radiation?
good absorbers and of infrared radiation
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light, shiny objects are what of infrared radiation?
poor absorbers and good reflectors of infrared radiation
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describe the particles in a solid
The particles in a solid are held next to each other in fixed positions
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describe the particles in a liquid
The particles in a liquid move about at random and are in contact with each other.
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describe the particles in a gas
The particles in a gas move about randomly and are much further apart than particles in a solid or liquid.
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what are the best conductors of energy
metals
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what are the best insulators of energy
materials such as wool or fibreglass
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conduction of energy in a metal is due mainly to....
frre electrons transferring energy inside the metal
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why are non-metals poor conductors of energy?
Non-metals are poor conductors because they do not contain free electrons.
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explain vibrations in atoms and ions
All atoms are vibrating a small amount These vibrations are passed on from atom to atom by collision All ions are vibrating a small amount These vibrations are passed on from ion to ion by collision
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explain kinetic energy in free electrons
Free electrons gain kinetic energy Free electrons diffuse through the metal lattice Free electrons pass on their kinetic energy by colliding with other electrons and positive ions
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explain convection
Convection is the circulation of a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by heating it Convection takes place only in liquids and gases
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what is evaporation?
Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas.
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explain evaporation
Cooling by evaporation of a liquid is due to the faster moving molecules escaping from the liquid Evaporation can be increased by increasing the surface area of the liquid, or by increasing the liquids temperature
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what is condensation
Condensation is when a gas turns into a liquid
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explain how to increase condensation
Condensation on a surface can be increased by increasing the area or the surface, or by reducing the temperature of the surface.
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what does the rate of energy transfer to an object depend on?
- The shape, size and type of material of the object. The materials the object is in contact with. The temperature difference between the object and its surroundings
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(SHC) the graeter the mass of an object the more...
slowly its temperature increases when its heated
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the rate of temperature changes of a substace when it is heated up depends on
- The energy supplied to it. Its mass. Its specific heat capacity
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what is the equation for specific heat capacity
E=m×c×θ
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energy transfer from our homes can be reduced by fitting
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