-relatively large,stopped by sheet of paper and few centimeters of air, deflected by electric and magnetic fields, charge of 2+, not very penetrating so easily cause ionisation
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Beta particles
More penetrating and less ionising than alpha, smaller than alpha, charge of -1, electrons, balancing negative charge of a neutron becoming a proton, stopped by aluminium
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Gamma ray
Highly penetrating; not very ionising,; no charge; no mass; it is an electromagnetic wave, stopped by lead
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Made of single electron
Beta
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Takes two protons and two neutrons away from the nucleus
Alpha
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Has no charge
Gamma
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not made of any particles
Gamma
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Dangerous inside of the body
Alpha
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Dangerous outside of the body
Gamma
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X-decay
When an element decays by emitting an alpha particle its atomic no. goes down 2, the mass mo. goes down
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Beta decay
A neutron decays into a proton and an electron
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Power=
energy transferred ( in J)/ Time Taken (in s)
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Half life
Time it takes for half the nuclei to decay
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Why does the rate of neutrons released need to be maintained at one?
To control the chain reaction so it's in a steady state
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Nuclear Fusion
Lighter elements like hydrogen can be fused together to create heavier elements like helium The mass difference becomes energy
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3 common magnetic elements
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt
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Magnetic Field line
A magnetic field line is a region in which a magnetic material experiences a force
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Magnetically soft material
Iron- it quickly gains or loses its magnetism
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Magnetically hard material
Steel- it retains magnetism
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How to strengthen the magnetic field
By wrapping more coil around the iron bar
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How to increase the electromagnet
Greater current, more turns around the coil
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how does a loudspeaker work
By using the motor effect
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Transformer equation
secondary voltage/primary voltage = no. of turns on secondary coil/ no. of turns on primary coil ... output voltage/10
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