Lower object on thread into measuring cylinder filled with water- change in rise in water is the volume of object
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What is a physical change?
Change in state- reversible, no new substances
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What is the process of liquid into solid?
Freezing/ solidifying
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What is the process of liquid into gas?
Boiling or vaporisation
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What is the process of solid into gas?
Sublimation
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What is the process of gas into solid or liquid?
Condensation
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Which state of matter particles has the most kinetic energy?
Gas particles
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What happens at the melting and boiling points to the temperature?
The temperature stays the same until all bonds are broken or formed
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What affects melting and boiling points?
Impurities in substance- add salt to water- melting point lowered
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What is latent heat?
Energy transferred to substance when it changes state
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What is internal energy?
The energy of particles in substance
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What is internal energy the sum of?
Kinetic energy of particle due to individual motion and potential energy of particle due to individual position
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What does internal energy not include?
Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy caused by motion of whole substance
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What is latent heat of fusion?
Energy needed for particles to break away from each other
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What happens to latent heat energy when a liquid becomes a solid?
It is transferred to surroundings
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What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
Energy needed to change 1kg of substance from solid to liquid at its melting point
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What is the unit of specific latent heat of fusion/ vaporistation?
Joule per kilogram (J/Kg)
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What is the formula for specific latent heat fusion and vaporisation?
SLHoF or SLHoV= energy / mass
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What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?
Energy needed to change state of 1kg of substanc from liquid to gas at its boiling point
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How can you see the effect of molecules in the air?
Smoke particles in glass chamber, light shone through, observe through microscope- see molecules changing path- changin path due to air molecule collision
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Why do smoke particle move in random motion in air?
Air molecules collide with smoke particles- push it and change direction
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What does the volume of a gas depend on?
Pressure of gas and temperature- gas can be compressed because pressure increases
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What would happen to gas in tube if piston compressed it very quickly?
Increase internal energy store and temperature- energy transferred to to gas is more than energy it can give to surroundings.
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What is boyles law?
For fixed mass of gas at constant temperature the pressure x volume = constant- volume and pressure are inversely proportional
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