Physics (atomic structure keywords) 0.0 / 5 ? PhysicsRadioactivityAtomic structureGCSEAQA Created by: JemimaStubbsCreated on: 08-10-21 11:41 Nucleus Atoms are very small and have a radius of about 1x10-10m, an atoms nucleus is around 1/100,000th the size of the atom (1 x 10 -15m) 1 of 25 Emission To give out 2 of 25 Electromagnetic radiation a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously. 3 of 25 Atomic number (Z) The number of protons in the nucleus 4 of 25 Mass number (A) The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (these particles are called nucleons) 5 of 25 Number of neutrons A-Z 6 of 25 Neutron A neutral particle with mass 1 found in the nucleus 7 of 25 Proton A positive particle +1 with mass 1 found in the nucleus 8 of 25 Electron A negative particle -1 with negable mass 1/2000 found orbiting the nucleus in shells 9 of 25 Atoms are neutral As they have the same number of protons in the nucleus and electrons in orbit 10 of 25 Ion Atoms losing or gain an electron become an ion 11 of 25 Isotope The same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons 12 of 25 Radioactive isotope/ radioisotope A radioisotope has an unstable nucleus that will decay 13 of 25 Plum-pudding model Is an early incorrect model of the atom 14 of 25 Nuclear model / Bohr model Of the atom has a small dense nucleus with electrons in orbit around it 15 of 25 Nuclear radiation and Ionising radiation Alpha, beta and gamma nuclear radiation are all forms of ionising radiation - can remove an electron from an atom 16 of 25 Geiger-muller tube/counter Connected to a counter can be used to measure the count-rate of radioactive emissions 17 of 25 Count-rate Count-rate is the number of decays recorded each second by a detector 18 of 25 Random process We cannot predict when a particular unstable nucleus will decay as radioactivity is a random process 19 of 25 Alpha particle Is two protons and two neutrons with a charge of +2 and is identical to a helium nucleus 20 of 25 Beta particle Is negative and is identical to an electron 21 of 25 Gamma ray Are very high frequency electromagnetic radiation 22 of 25 Neutron radiation Some man-made radioisotopes are neutron emitters 23 of 25 Half life Is the average time taken for half the nuclei in a sample to decay 24 of 25 Irradiation Being exposed to radiation 25 of 25
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