Waves that transfer energy through space without transferring matter
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How are waves started?
By an initial disturbance
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Why do waves progress?
Because of a perpendicular restoring force moving particles back to a rest position
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What are the 3 length measurement of a wave?
Wavelength (m), amplitude (m) and displacement (m)
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What are the 2 time measurements of waves?
Frequency (Hz( and Period (s)
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What is the equation linking frequency and period?
f=1/T
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What is the equation for wave velocity including frequency?
V=f.*wavelength
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What is the equation for wave velocity including displacement?
V=x/t
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What happens to particles in a longitudinal wave?
Particles vibrate parallel to wave propagation
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What happens to particles in a transverse wave?
Particles oscillate perpendicular to wave propagation
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What are the sections of a longitudinal wave called?
Compression and rarefaction
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What are examples of longitudinal waves?
Sound, p-waves
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What are examples of transverse waves?
S-waves, EM waves
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What are the 7 SI base units? (Words)
Time, Length, Mass, Current, Thermodynamic temperature, Amount of Substance, Light Intensity
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What are the 7 SI base units?
S,m,kg,A,K,Mol.,C.d.
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What are the 7 derived SI units? (Words)
Frequency, Pressure, Energy, Power, Electric Charge, Potential difference, Electrical resistance
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What are the 7 derived SI units?
Hz, Pa, J, W, C, V, Ohms
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WHat happens to the wavelength of a wave that goes from low to density?
It’s wavelength decreases
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What happens to the frequency of a wave that enters a different density medium?
Nothing
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What is the refractive index for a specific medium?
n=c/v
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What happens when you have a large refractive index?
The wave refracts and slows more
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What happens if you get n< 1?
You did it wrong (in a vacuum n=1)
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What is the refractive index of air?
1.003 (basically a vacuum)
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What is the refractive index of water and glass?
Water, n=1.33 Glass, n=1.52
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What is Snell’s Law?
n1sin(angle1)=n2sine(angle2)
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What does sin(angle1) equal?
n2/n1 X sin(angle2)
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What do you do to add anti-parallel vectors?
You assign positive or negative values then add them
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What does an object in equilibrium create?
A closed vector triangle
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What is Total Internal Reflection?
When n1>n2, and at the critical angle of incidence, light refracts at 90 degrees. All light is reflected
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When resolving vectors, what does Fx=?
Rcos(angle)
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When resolving vectors, what does Fy=?
Rsin(angle)
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What is Fx?
The horizontal force
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What is Fy?
The vertical force
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What is vector resolution?
Break down diagonal vectors into horizontal and perpendicular compounds
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What is the sine rule?
a/sinA = b/sinB
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What is the cosine rule?
a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc cos(angle)
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What happens with a oscilloscope?
An electron pulse is sent along the screen which is electron sensitive so it shows a white/green light when they pass. The electrons are reflected by the voltage put in which is why it goes up and down
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What does time/div do? (x-axis)
changes time to pass one square
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What does gain do? (y-axis)
changes the voltage
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What does the intensity?
changes the amount of electrons fired
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What does the focus do?
fires the electrons closer together to have a finer, more accurate wave
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