{NOT IN USE}

?
how old is the Earth
4500 million years old
1 of 29
What processes tell us about how the Earth structured (formed) itself?
Erosion, craters, mountain formations and folding. Further evidence of the Earth's age can be found by studying fossils of plants and animals in sedimentary rock layers which show how life has changed and the radioactivity of rocks.
2 of 29
The structure of the Earth is split into 4 layers. What are they called?
Crust, mantle, outer core and inner core.
3 of 29
Explain the theory of continental drift.
a theory that was proposed by Alfred Wegener. He saw that the continents had a jigsaw fit with mountain ranges and rock patterns matching up. There were also fossils of the same animals on different continents.
4 of 29
Why didn't geologists accept Alfred Wegener's theory?
He wasn't a geologist so he was seen as an outsider, the supporting evidence was limited, it could be explained more simply e.g a bridge connecting continents eroded over time and the movement of the continents wasn't detectable.
5 of 29
What normally occurs at plate boundaries?
volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain formations. Earthquakes near coastlines can often result in a tsunami.
6 of 29
What is a geohazard? Give examples of geohazards aswell.
a natural hazard e.g. floods and hurricanes.
7 of 29
What precautionary measures need to be taken when a geohazard strikes without warning?
Buildings in earthquake zones are designed to withstand tremors and authorities will often refuse planning permission in areas prone to flooding.
8 of 29
What causes magma to rise?
Convection currents.
9 of 29
What do the convection currents do?
They move the solid part of the mantle and the tectonic plates and where the plates are moving apart magma reaches the surface and hardens forming new areas of oceanic crust and pushing the existing floor outwards.
10 of 29
What is subduction?
When oceanic and continental plates collide the denser oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate.
11 of 29
Why is plate movement crucial in the rock cycle?
Old rock is destroyed through subduction. Igneous rock is formed when magma reaches the surface. Plate collisions can produce high temperatures and pressure causing the rock to fold. Sedimentary rock becomes metamorphic rock.
12 of 29
How do earthquakes occur?
The plates slide past each other or collide. Pressure builds up as plates push on each other. Eventually stored energy is released and waves of energy spread from the epicentre.
13 of 29
Which two factors produce rock stripes of alternating polarity?
Deep floor spreading and the changing of polarity of the Earth's magnetic field every million years.
14 of 29
What is a seismograph?
an instrument to measure and show ground movement during an earthquake.
15 of 29
Explain the differences and similarities of P-waves and S-waves.
P-waves and S-waves travel at different speeds in rocks of different density. If the rock has a high density, the waves travel faster.
16 of 29
P waves....
Travel faster than S-waves, can travek through both liquid and solids and can travel through the liquid region of the outer core of the Earth
17 of 29
S waves....
Can only travel through solids and can't travel through the liquid region of the outer core of the Earth.
18 of 29
What does light and water both travel as?
Transverse waves.
19 of 29
Longitudinal waves (draw diagram on back)
(insert diagram)
20 of 29
Transverse waves (draw diagram on the back)
(insert diagram)
21 of 29
What is a student describing if they tell you the number of waves produced each second?
Frequency
22 of 29
What is the wave equation (draw diagram on the back)
(insert diagram/formula)
23 of 29
What two methods are used to measure the distance of stars?
Relative brightness and parallax.
24 of 29
The solar system was formed about 5000 million years ago:
The solar system started as dust and gas clouds pulled together by gravity. This created intense heat. Nuclear fusion began and the Sun (a star) was born. The remaining dust and gas formed smaller masses which were attracted to the Sun.
25 of 29
How much older is the Sun than the Earth?
500 million years older.
26 of 29
The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion:
Hydrogen atoms fuse together to produce an atom with a larger mass i.e. a new chemical element. Binding energy stored in hydrogen atoms is released.
27 of 29
How much older is the Universe than the Sun?
14000 million years old.
28 of 29
What is the speed of light?
300,000 km/s
29 of 29

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What processes tell us about how the Earth structured (formed) itself?

Back

Erosion, craters, mountain formations and folding. Further evidence of the Earth's age can be found by studying fossils of plants and animals in sedimentary rock layers which show how life has changed and the radioactivity of rocks.

Card 3

Front

The structure of the Earth is split into 4 layers. What are they called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the theory of continental drift.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why didn't geologists accept Alfred Wegener's theory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

troll123

Report

This doesn't even work, massive waste of my time.

Similar Physics resources:

See all Physics resources »See all Astronomy resources »