percentage uncertainty = absolute uncertainty/ (mean) value x100
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displacement
the distance travelled in a particular direction
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acceleration
rate of change in velocity
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equation of motion without s
v=u+at
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equation of motion without v
s=ut+1/2at^2
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equation of motion without a
s=1/2(u+v)t
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equation of motion without t
v^2=u^2+2as
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density
mass per unit volume (kgm^-3)
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pressure
the force exerted per unit cross-sectional area (pascals)
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scalar quantity
has a magnitude only
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vector quantity
has a magnitude and direction
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average speed
distance/ time
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terminal velocity
the velocity at which the weight = drag
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work done
force X distance moved in the direction of force
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joule
the energy transferred when a force of 1 newton moves a distance of 1 metre in the direction of force
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kinetic energy
KE= 1/2mv^2
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gravity
9.81 ms^-2
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stopping distance
thinking distance + braking distance
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thinking distance
the distance travelled between the moment when you first see a reason to stop to the moment when you first apply the breaks
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braking distance
the distance from when the vehicles brakes is applied to when it fully comes to a halt
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centre of gravity
the point where the entire weight of an object appears to act
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moment
moment = force x perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from the axes or point of rotation
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conditions for equilibrium
the net force on it must be zero and the net moment must be zero
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principle of moment
for a body in rotational equilibrium, the sum of the anticlockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments about the same point
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momentum
mass x velocity
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principle of conservation of momentum
for a closed system, in any specific direction, the total momentum before an interaction (collision) is equal to the total momentum after the interaction
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closed system
no external forces acting
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elastic collision
momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
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inelastic collision
momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is lost
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couple
a pair of equal, parallel but opposite forces which tend to produce rotation only
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torque of a couple
one of the forces x perpendicular separation of those forces
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conditions for a pair of forces to form a couple
equal in magnitude, parallel but opposite in direction, separated by a distance
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newtons 1st law
an object will remain at rest or keep travelling at a constant velocity unless it is acted upon by external forces
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newtons 2nd law
the net force acting on an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of the linear momentum of that object. The net force and the change in momentum are the same direction.
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newtons 3rd law
when two bodies interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite
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stretching forces
tensile forces
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squashing forces
compressive forces
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Hookes law
the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as the elastic limits is not exceeded
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force constant of a spiring
the stiffness, obtained by the gradient
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elastic potential energy
the energy stored in an object because of its deformation
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tensile stress
the force applied per unit cross-sectional area of the wire (pascals)
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tensile strain
the fractional change in the original length of the wire (%)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
percentage uncertainty = absolute uncertainty/ (mean) value x100
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