Physical Geography- Climate

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  • Created by: Sarahrf
  • Created on: 03-01-17 16:51
Troposphere
Most unstable layer, exhibits highest temperatures as solar radiation warms earths surface ( warms air above through conduction, convection and radiation), it's effect decreases with distance, air temp drops by 6.4c every 1000m gained.
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Tropopause
Marks end on Troposphere. It is an isothermal layer where temperature remains constant as altitude increases.
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Stratosphere
Has a steady increase in temperature as a result of solar radiation by the ozone layer, atmosphere is thinner here as pressure decreases with height & there's little vapour/dust
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Stratopause
Isothermal layer marking the end of the Stratosphere
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Mesosphere
Strong winds of 3000 km/hr, temperature decreases to -90c as there's no water vapour or dust to absorb radiation
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Mesopause
Isothermal layer marking the end of the Mesosphere
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Thermosphere
Increase in temperature which results from the absorption of UV radiation by atomic oxygen found at this altitude
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3 gasses in the composition of the Atmosphere
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide
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% of Nitrogen in the Earths atmosphere
78.09
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% of Oxygen in the Earths atmosphere
0.96
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% of Carbon Dioxide in the Earths atmosphere
20.95
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Weather
Short term atmospheric conditions in a place (temperature, precipitation, cloud cover)
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Climate
Long term atmospheric conditions in a place (average measurements of temperature, precipitation, cloud cover etc)
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Latitude
The distance (in degrees) north or south from the equator
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Altitude
A distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction,
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Higher latitudes are colder due to:
Less solar radiation because the sun is lower in the sky and therer are fewer hours of daylight in winter
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Higher altitudes are colder due to:
Conduction- Earth's surafce heats the atmosphere through conduction, so the temperature is greatest close to the heat source & decreases away from it. Air pressure decreases with altitude.
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Factors affecting the amount of solar radiation reaching different parts of the earth's surface:
Solar Constant, Distance of the Earth from the Sun, Length of day & night, Curvature of the Earth
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Solar Constant
The rate at whihc radiant solar energy is recieved at the outer layer of the earth's surface. It affects longer term climate rather than short term
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Amount of radiation which is scattered, absorbed or reflectd by the Earth's atmosphere:
3 quaters
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Eccentric orbit of the Earth:
When the orbit of the Earth around the Sun varies from almost circular to eliptical
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Degrees in which the Earth is on a tilted axis
23.5
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Oblique Rays
Less direct rays whihc are spread out over a large area
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Vertical Rays
Direct rays whihc come from directly overhead
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Higher Latitude
It is cooler here due to it being hit by oblique rays
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Lower Latitude
Hotter here due to it being hit by vertical rays
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Rays which travel through a smaller amount of atmosphere which creates a surplus of heat
Vertical Rays
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Rays which travel through a bigger amount of atmosphere which creates a heat deficit
Oblique Rays
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Net surplus of heat
Where more energy is gained from insolation than lost in space
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Net deficit of heat
Where less energy is gained from insolation than lost in space
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Ocean current which moves away from the equator
Warm Ocean currents
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Ocean current which moves towards the equator
Cold Ocean currents
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Examples of Warm ocean currents
Alaska, Gulf stream, East Australia
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Examples of Cold ocean currents
Labrador, California, Canary
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Order of cells in TC model
Polar, Ferrel, Hadley; Hadley, Ferrel, Polar
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The jet stream inbetween the polar cell and ferrel cell:
Polar Jet Stream
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The jet stream inbetween the ferrel cell and hadley cell:
Sub-tropical Jet Stream
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The jet stream found at the equator, inbetween two hadley cells:
Equatorial Jet Stream
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Cause of the coriolis effect:
The rotation of the Earth
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Coriolis effect:
Deflects wind to the right in the North and to the left in the South
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Atmospheric pressure ( AP )
Pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth
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Atmospheric pressure is measured using a ............................. and is measured in ..............................
Barometer and in milibars (mb)
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Average AP at sea level:
1,013mb
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Weather:
Short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place (temp, cloud cover, precipitation type)
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Climate:
Long-term atmospheric conditions in a place (avg temp, precipitation over a period of time)
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High altitudes are colder due to:
le
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High latitudes are colder due to:
Less solar radiation as sun is lower in the sky and fewer hours of daylight in winter
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High altitudes are colder due to:
Conduction-the temp is greatest close to the heat source & decreases away from it. Air pressure decreases with altitude.
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Type of climate UK has:
Cool temperate western maritime climate
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Temperature range in the UK
From 5 degrees in January - 20 degrees in August
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Type of wind in the UK
Warm south westerlies but cold north winds are common
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Factors affecting UK climate:
Latitude and Location
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UK Latitude:
UK at mid-latitude: 50-55 degrees
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Marks end on Troposphere. It is an isothermal layer where temperature remains constant as altitude increases.

Back

Tropopause

Card 3

Front

Has a steady increase in temperature as a result of solar radiation by the ozone layer, atmosphere is thinner here as pressure decreases with height & there's little vapour/dust

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Isothermal layer marking the end of the Stratosphere

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Strong winds of 3000 km/hr, temperature decreases to -90c as there's no water vapour or dust to absorb radiation

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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