A blood clot or bleed that interrupts the blood supply to the brain
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What causes a stroke?
Lifestyle choices such as smoking, high BP, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, old age, family history and excessive alcohol intake.
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How severe is a stroke?
Life threatening when it happens, with muscle paralysis and speech impediment.
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What is coronary heart disease?
A build up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries, making the arteries narrower and reducing the blood follow to the heart.
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What are causes of coronary heart disease?
Smoking, high BP, high cholesterol, lack of exercise, diabetes, obesity and family history.
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What can be done to help coronary heart disease?
Medication to relive angina, and lifestyle changes to prevent further damage to the arteries. If very severe, angioplasty, stent insertion, pacemaker insertion, coronary artery bypass surgery.
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How can coronary heart disease be stabilised?
Early detection increases the individual’s chances of surviving and living with coronary heart disease. Changing lifestyle to improve health and wellbeing.
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What is Type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas stops producing or does not produce insulin
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What causes Type 1 diabetes?
May be a family history of diabetes
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What is the severity of Type 1 diabetes?
Life threatening if not controlled. Can cause; blindness, limb loss, difficulty controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke, nerve damage.
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How can Type 1 diabetes be stabilised?
Lifelong- chronic disease, with no current cure. Can be stabilised by injection of insulin combined with controlled dietary intake of carbs and sugars.
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What is Type 2 diabetes?
Pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin for the body’s needs
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What causes Type 2 diabetes?
Associated with obesity and tends to be diagnosed in older people.
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What is the severity of Type 2 diabetes?
Life threatening if not properly controlled. limb loss, difficulty controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Loss of sight is a particularly common problem.
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How can Type 2 diabetes be stabilised?
Can be stabilised with proper dietary control. May require medication, such as metformin, to reduce the amount of glucose the liver releases into the bloodstream and to make cells more responsive to insulin.
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What is huntingtons disease?
An inherited condition that damages nerve cells in the brain.
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What are common symptoms of huntingtons disease?
Psychiatric problems, difficulty feeding , communicating and behaving. Clumsy, aggressive and distracted.
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How can huntingtons disease be treated?
SLT and occupational therapy. Regular exercise. Medicenes.
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What is paraplegia?
Severed spinal cord, at or below the chest affecting the ability to use legs. Irreparable damage
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What is quadriplegia?
Severed spinal cord, if above the chest then it will affect both arm and leg movement. Irreparable damage
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What is arthritis?
A common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint.
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What are some common symptoms of arthritis?
Joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, inflammation, warm/red skin, weakness, restricted movement
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What are two types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
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What is osteoarthritis?
Affects the smooth cartilage lining of the joints, making movement more difficult, leading to pain and stiffness.
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What does osteoarthritis lead to?
Cartilage roughens and ligaments/tendons thinnen, making them work harder, causing swelling and the formation of boney spurs called osteophytes
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What are causes of osteoarthritis?
An infection or injury to the joint can cause a breakdown of cartilage tissue
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What is rheumatoid arthritis?
The outer covering o the joint is affected, this can then spread across thew joint leading to further swelling and changing joint shape. This may cause the bone and cartilage to break down.
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What are causes of rheumatoid arthritis?
When your body's immune system attacks the tissues of the body that affects the synovium, that produces fluid that nourishes the cartilage.
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How can arthritis be treated?
Mediation, Therapy, Surgery
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What are common symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Back pain, um pain, arthritis, tenderness, joint pain, swelling and warmth, fatigue.
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What are treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?
physiotherapy, painkillers, anti-TNF medication, health care programmes, corticosteroids, surgery, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
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What is sickle cell disease?
A changed shape of red blood cells caused by a faulty gene.
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What are some common symptoms of sickle cell disease?
Headaches, bone and joint pain, lung conditions, strokes, delayed growth, rapid heartbeat, vision problems, pulmonary hypertension, dizziness
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How can sickle cell disease be managed?
Painkillers, Antibiotics, vaccinations, stem cell transplant, bone marrow transplant
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What is cystic fibrosis?
A hereditary disorder causing a build up of thick mucus, leading ot blockage of pancreatic ducts, intestines and causing respiratory infections.
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