Physical Chemistry - Atomic Structure
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- Created by: jackjj9
- Created on: 24-09-16 16:39
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000 or 1/1840 or just "negligible"
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What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
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What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
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What are the 5 stages of mass spectroscopy?
Electrospray ionisation, acceleration, ion drift, detection, amplification
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Why is the mass spectrometer a vacuum?
So no other particles interfere with detection or slow ion down in drift
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What charge does the inlet?
Positive
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Why does the inlet have this charge?
To ionise the atoms, oxidising them
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What is used to inject the atoms?
hypodermic needle
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How are cations accelerated?
The plates are mainly negatively charged and opposite charges attract
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What charge does the detector have?
Negative
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Why is the detector negatively charged?
To attract all the ions to it
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What is the sample of atoms mixed with before being added to the mass spectrometer?
A volatile liquid - eg ethanol
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What is measured in the ion drift phase?
Time. The distance is already known and the speed can be calculated from this
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True or false, all ions are given the same amount of KE
True
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What 2 things make the cations' velocity vary?
Mass and charge. v = root(KE/0.5m) where KE is constant.
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What does m/z mean?
The mass:charge ratio
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What is the abbreviation for atomic number?
Z
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What is the abbreviation for mass number?
A
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How is a current induced at the detector?
The positively charged cations are hitting the detector and electrons are moving towards this to reduce the ions. This current is amplified and read by a computer.
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What does it mean if there is a higher current?
There would be a higher abundance of that ion (they all arrive at different times)
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What happens to the current if lots of ions hit in a short period of time?
A greater current is produced
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What is an isotope?
Different versions of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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Do isotopes of the same element react with each other?
No
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Why do isotopes of the same elements not react?
They are chemically identical with the same number of electrons in the outer shell and these must be lost/gain/shared for a reaction to occur
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What is the first ionisation energy?
The amount of energy required to remove the first electron in one mole of gaseous atoms, producing 1 mole of 1+ cations.
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What is the abbreviation for the first ionisation energy?
DeltaHi1
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What is the redox equation the ionisation of gaseous sodium?
Na+(g) --> Na(g) + e-
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What 3 factors effect the amount of deltaHi1 required?
Shielding, nuclear radius (distance from n+) and nuclear charge (amount of p+)
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Across group 3, at which 2 elements will there be an unexpected drop in deltaHi1
Al and S
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Why is there a drop at Al?
The third energy level had begun to split into 3s and 3p sublevels. 3p is further away from the nucleus so electrons are easier to remove
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Why is there a drop at S?
Electrons start to pair up and the natural repulsion from their like charges makes them easier to remove
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What is the electron configuration for Cu in full and short?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 aka [Ar] 4s1 3d10
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What is the electron configuration for Cr in full and short?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 .[Ar]4s1 3d5
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What is the electron configuration for Te in short?
[Kr] 5s2, 4d10, 5p4
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What increases as you move across a period?
The number of protons/nuclear charge/Z
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What is the general trend in period one deltaHi1?
Decrease
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What are the results of mass spectroscopy displayed as?
Mass Spectra (graphs)
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What is on the y axis of a mass spectrum?
Relative abundance
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What is on the x-axis of a mass spectrum?
m/z
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Time is proportional to...
Mass/Charge
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What do compounds do when placed in a mass spectrometer?
Fragment
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What is the unique way a compound fragments called?
Fragmentation pattern
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Which peak is equal to the Mr on a mass spectrum?
The one with the highest m/z value (furthest right)
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What is the molecular ion?
The ion with the highest m/z value (usually) that also displays the Mr
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When d-block elements form ions, what electrons are lost first?
4s
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Give the two steps in writing the ionic electron config
1. Write atomic config 2. Take from 4s first and then 3d.
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What charge does an SO4 ion have?
2-
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What charge does an NH4 ion have?
1+
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What charge does a HCO ion have?
3-
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What charge does a CO3 ion have?
2-
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What charge does an NO3 ion form?
1- anion
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What charge does a hydroxide ion have?
1-
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
Back
0
Card 3
Front
What is the relative charge of a proton?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the 5 stages of mass spectroscopy?
Back
Card 5
Front
Why is the mass spectrometer a vacuum?
Back
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