Vectors can be represented by arrows, with their size/length representing the vector magnitude.
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Examples of vector.
Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration and Force.
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What is a scalar?
A scalar has just magnitude.
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Examples of scalar.
Speed, Distance, Time, Mass, Momentum and Energy.
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Breif comparism sentence for scalars and vectors.
Generally, scalars cannot be negative, but vectors can be, as a certain direction is positive.
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Example
Imagine a car travelling round a roundabout at constant speed. While its speed is constant, its direction is constantly changing – so its velocity is constantly changing therefore it is accelerating.
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What is gravity?
All matter has a gravitational field, and attracts all other matter.
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What is weight?
The force exerted on a mass by the gravitational field, in Newtons.
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Equation
weight=mass × gravitational field strength
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What is a resultant force?
This is a single force representing the sum of all the forces acting on an object.
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What are forced called that act?
Air resistance and Weight.
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Equation
Work Done=Force × Distance
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What is work done?
Is when energy is transferred from the object doing work in another form.
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What happens when work done is against frictional forces?
A rise in temperature of the object.
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What is deformation?
It means changing shape.
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What is elastic deformation?
The object returns to its original shape when the load has been removed e.g. elastic band.
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What is plastic deformation?
The object does not return to its original shape when the load has been removed e.g. a spring pulled too far.
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What is Hooke's law?
The extension of an elastic object, such as a spring, is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
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Equation
Work Done=1/2
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Equation
Moment of a Force=force×perpendicular distance
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Describe a gear.
Gears can change speed, force or direction by rotation.
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What way does the second gear move?
Always turns in the opposite direction.
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What happens in pressure?
Particles in a gas move randomly in every direction and exert forces on their container, which is felt as pressure.
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What is upthrust?
A partially or totally submerged object which experiences a greater pressure on the bottom surface than on the top surface.
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What does upthrust create?
This creates a resultant force upwards.
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Describe the Earths atmosphere.
A thin layer (relative to the size of the Earth) of air around the Earth.
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What happens when the altitude increases in the atmosphere?
The atmosphere becomes less dense.
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What is distance?
It is how far an object moves.
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What is speed?
Scalar quantity.
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What is velocity?
Vector quantity.
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What is displacement?
Scalar quantity.
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Equation
speed=distance divide by time.
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Equation
average speed=total distance divide total time.
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What is gradient?
Velocity
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What does a sharper gradient mean?
It means a faster speed.
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What does a curved line mean?
It means the velocity is changing.
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What does a negative gradient?
It means it is returning back to the starting point.
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What does a horizontal line mean?
It means being stationary.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a vector represented by?
Back
Vectors can be represented by arrows, with their size/length representing the vector magnitude.
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