photosynthesis

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define the term heterotroph
organism that igest and digests complex organic molecules, releasing the chemical potential energy stored in them
1 of 40
define the term autotroph
organism which uses light or chemical energy and inorganic molecules (co2 and water) to synthesis complex organic molecules
2 of 40
True or False- light energy is used during photosynthesis to produce complex organic molecules
True
3 of 40
what does the inner membrane of chlorplasts do?
has transport protiens to control the entry and exit of substances between the cytoplasm and stroma- less permiable
4 of 40
what do granda do in the chlorplasts?
they provide a large surface area for photosynthetic pigments, electron carriers and ATP synthes which all invilved in the light dependent stage
5 of 40
what does the fluid filled stroma do?
contains enzymes needed to catalyse reactions of the light independent stage
6 of 40
what do photosynthetic pigments do?
they are arranged in a special structure called a photosystem which allows maximum absorbtion of light
7 of 40
what are lamella in a chloroplast?
they link together granum and are thylakoid membranes
8 of 40
what are thylakoids?
fluid filled stacks, stacked up in the chloroplast to form grana
9 of 40
why is grnan surround by stroma
allows products from light dependent stage to travel quickly for light independent stage
10 of 40
define th term photosynthetic pigments?
molecules that absorb light energy. each pigment absorbs a range of wave lengths in visible region and have it own distinct peak of absorbtion and others waves are reflected
11 of 40
what are the two types of pigments?
primary pigment, accessory pigment
12 of 40
give two forms of primary pigments
chlorophyla- p680 and chlorophyll a- p700 and chlorophyll b
13 of 40
what colours do primary pigments reflect and absorb
reflexy- yellow/green and absorb- red
14 of 40
what is the peak absorbtion for chlorophyll p-680 and p-700
680nm and 700nm
15 of 40
what is chlorophyll b wave length and what colour does it appear?
500nm and 640nm- appears blue/green
16 of 40
name an example of accessory pigments
carotenoids, chlrophyl b
17 of 40
what colours do cartenoids reflect and absorb
reflect- yellow and orange and absorb- blue
18 of 40
true or false- accessory pigments are directly involved in light-dependent stage
false- indirectly involved
19 of 40
what are the main carotenoids pigments?
carotene (orange) and xanthophyll (yellow)
20 of 40
where does the light dependent stage occur
thylakoid membrane
21 of 40
what are the main two stages of the light dependent stage
cyclic and non- cyclic phosphorylation
22 of 40
what ahppens when light hits photosystem 2
the light excites the electron which cause 2 electron to be lost
23 of 40
what ahppens when electrons are lost
captured by electron acceptors and passsed down electron carries embedded in thylakoid membrane releaseing energy (making atp)
24 of 40
give an example of an electron carrier
cytochromes
25 of 40
where do the electrons come from that replace photosystem 2 electrons
they come from photoylises (splitting) of water
26 of 40
what does photolyisis create (spillting of water)
it creates 2 electons, s hydrogen ions and 1/2 an oxygen- makes atp
27 of 40
what happens when light hits photosystem 1
electron get excited and are lost and replaced by electrons from ps2
28 of 40
what ahppens to the two electrons lost from photosystem 1 and the 2 hydrogen ions from splitting of water
they combine to turn NADP into reduced NADP
29 of 40
describe what happens wjem electrons pass through the electron carriers
pumps protons across the thylakoid membrane causing the protons accumulate to form a proton gradient. the flow of these causes ADP and pi to make ATP- chemiosmosis
30 of 40
true or false- non cyclic phosphorylation invovles both photosystems
TRUE
31 of 40
True or false- photolysis occurs in cycle phosphorylation?
false- non cyclic
32 of 40
where does the light- independent stage occur?.
in the stroma
33 of 40
true or false- light is not directly used, it used the products of the light dependent stage
true
34 of 40
describe light independent stage 1
1. co2 diffuses into the leaf through open stomata 2. in the stroma, co2 combines with a 5 carbon compound, ribulose bisphosphate, catalysed by rubisco and becomes carboxylated 3. prducts of this is 2x3carbpn compound glycerate 3- phosphate co2 fixed
35 of 40
describe the light independent stage 2
Gp is reduced and phosphorylated to another 3 carbon compund 2x triose phosphate. atp is ued from light dependent. 5/6 carbons are recycled to ribulose bisphopahte and 1 carbon used for glucose.
36 of 40
how many times does the calvin cycle have to take place to form one glucose molecule
6
37 of 40
what can gluciose then be used for once made in the calvin cycle?
fructose, sucrose, cellulose, starch , glycerol
38 of 40
true or false- triose phosphate and glycerol-3-phosphate can be used to make carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and most triose phoshate
true
39 of 40
what are the three main limiting factors of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide levels, light levels and temperatur levels
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

define the term autotroph

Back

organism which uses light or chemical energy and inorganic molecules (co2 and water) to synthesis complex organic molecules

Card 3

Front

True or False- light energy is used during photosynthesis to produce complex organic molecules

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does the inner membrane of chlorplasts do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what do granda do in the chlorplasts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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