Where does the light-dependent reaction take place?
Thylakoid membranes
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What are the four membrane-bound proteins found in the thylakoid membranes?
Photosystem II, Cytochrome, Photosystem I and Feredoxin
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What happens in PSII when chlorophyll molecules absorb photons of light?
Electrons are excited to a higher energy level, causing charge separation which drives the photolysis of water molecules, releasing O2, 4 protons and 4 electrons
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What is the role of electrons from water molecule?
Replace excited electrons
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What happens to the high energy electrons?
It is passed along the chain of proteins, gaining energy as it goes, which is used to pump protons along from stroma to lumen, creating proton gradient
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What happens in the final stage and what is the role of coenzyme NADP?
The electron is recombined with a proton to form a hydrogen atom, which NADP takes up to form reduced NADPH.
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What is the proton gradient used for?
To form ATP using ATP synthase enzyme.
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What is meant by photophosphorylation?
Using light to make ATP (ADP + Pi -> ATP)
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Where does the light-independent reaction take place?
Stroma
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How many carbons in RUBP?
5
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What is the job of the enzyme, rubisco?
Catalyses the reaction of CO2 binding with RuBP to form Glycerate Phosphate
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What happens to GP?
Reduced and activated to TP
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What do ATP and NADPH do in the light-independent reaction?
They provide energy for the reduction of TP (2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADPH)
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What happens every 3 turns on average of the Calvin Cycle?
3 CO2 will make 1 TP molecule which leaves and 2 TP molecules combine to form 1 glucose molecule using glycolysis enzyme in reverse
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What happens to the glucose made?
Transported out of the chloroplast and used to make other organic compounds that the plant needs such as cellulose, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
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How does temperature affect respiration and photosynthesis?
Affects rates of enzyme reactions
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How does CO2 concentration affect photosynthesis?
It is the substrate for Rubisco in the light-independent reaction so a higher concentration means a faster rate of Calvin Cycle.
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How does light intensity affect respiration?
Light is source of energy for production of ATP and NADPH in light dependent reaction so higher light intensity equals faster rate of photosynthesis.
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How does time of day affect rate of photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis changes with light and respiration changes with temperature.
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What conditions in a greenhouse would favour photosynthesis?
Burning fuel as it releases heat and CO2. Artificial lighting can help prolong day length.
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What is a limiting factor?
The one factor that is controlling the rate as it is in short supply or further from its optimum. - Rate depends on it.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the four membrane-bound proteins found in the thylakoid membranes?
Back
Photosystem II, Cytochrome, Photosystem I and Feredoxin
Card 3
Front
What happens in PSII when chlorophyll molecules absorb photons of light?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the role of electrons from water molecule?
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