Phonetics - English Language CLA

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What is a phoneme?
Distinct unit of sound in a specified language that tells one word from another.
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What is contained in the early stages of language?
Crying, cooing (open mouth sounds 'oo', 'aa') and babbling (consonant vowel combinations 'gaga', 'wawa').
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What are the typical features of the early sounds of children?
Early consonant sounds mostly universal, children across the globe make similar sounds regardless of their language. Most common consonant sounds for young children learning English 'b,d,m,n'. Children like using addition and reduplication.
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What is addition and reduplication?
Addition - the repetition of particular sound structures, 'doggie'. Reduplication - repeating a whole syllable, 'choochoo'.
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What are the early patterns of CLA?
When children are trying to say a word that they can't yet produce, they tend to make similar errors. They may used deletion on these words.
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What is deletion?
When a child deletes the end sound of a word but says the first sound correctly. E.G a child says 'kae' instead of 'kaet' (cat). Children delete the last sound and swap other sounds around.
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Consonants that are next to eachother in a word, E.G 'strong'. What is this called in phonetics?
Consonant Clusters.
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What is consonant cluster reduction?
When children find it difficult to produce these consonant clusters, so will make them into smaller units. E.G, missing the 'w' phoneme in squirrel.
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Swapping one sound for another, easier sound is called what?
Substitution. E.G 'zebra' to 'debra'.
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In the given example, why does the child swap the 'z' for a 'd'?
'Z' is a fricative sound, these are harder for a child to produce. So instead, they use 'd' which is a stop sound. Fricatives and stop sounds occur in the same area of the mouth.
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Give an example of substituting a glide consonant for a liquid consonant.
Substituting 'r' for 'w'.
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Give an example of substituting a nasal sound for a denasalised sound.
Substituting 'n' for 'd'.
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Give an example of fronting consonants.
Fronting 'th' for 'f'.
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The process that shows how some sounds change because of other sounds around them is called what?
Assimilation. E.G 'doggie' becomes 'goggie'.
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What do we mean by deletion of unstressed syllables? Give an example.
A child deletes the unstressed syllables of a word, shortening it. E.G stress falls on the 'na' of 'banana', so a child would typically shorten it to 'nana'. 3 syllable words too long for a child to say, so are shortened to make it easier to say.
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Which theorists presented the 'FIS' phenomenon?
Berko-Gleason and Brown.
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What did they recognise about CLA?
Children who fail to pronounce certain words could recognise when someone else got it wrong. For example, a child couldn't say 'fish' and instead said 'fis'. But noticed when an adult got it wrong.
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Would this phenemenon continue as the child grows?
No, they tend to outgrow these errors if correction is provided and go on to produce adult-like speech sounds.
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Vgotsky (Social Interactionist) believed in collaborate play what is this?
What a child can do in co-operation today, they can do alone tomorrow.
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What is the zone of proximal development?
The difference between what a child can do with help and what he can do without guidance.
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Bruner (Social Interactionist) stressed the importance of CDS and LASS - in what way does he present the idea of correction from parents in CLA?
Observing parents reinforcing their child's attempts to speak by responding in an encouraging/positive way. Also from children clealy enjoying from interactions with parents/caregivers.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is contained in the early stages of language?

Back

Crying, cooing (open mouth sounds 'oo', 'aa') and babbling (consonant vowel combinations 'gaga', 'wawa').

Card 3

Front

What are the typical features of the early sounds of children?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is addition and reduplication?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the early patterns of CLA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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