The theory that all knowledge is derived from experience. Experience always means sensory experience.
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Fallacy of composition
The error that concludes that since the parts have a certain property, the whole likewise has that property.
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Infinite
Unbounded in some way, eg in time or space.
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Necessary being
A being that cannot not be.
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Religious experience
An experience of something spiritual, or presence of the numinous is felt or is given a religious interpretation.
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Efficient cause
A cause that is capable of performing an action and bringing about the desired result.
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Theism
The belief that the world was created by God and its existence continues to depend totally on the involvement of its creator.
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Ex nihilo
Latin, meaning 'out of nothing', as in the Universe was created out of nothing.
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Potential infinite
The type of infinite which exists if it is always possible to add one more to a series of things or events. It is possible to think of the future as this because more events are always being added to history.
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Fideism
The idea that religious beliefs cannot be justified by rational means, only by faith.
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Numinous
A feeling of the 'holy', that includes awe, fascination, religious awareness and the smallness of self.
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Mystical experience
The direct and intimate experience of God.
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Deduction
A method of reasoning by logical stages to reach a conclusion.
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Induction
A method of reasoning where a conclusion is reached by linking observations of cause and effect.
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Valid
A logical argument, where the conclusion does follow.
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Fallacy
A bad argument or error in thinking.
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A priori
Truth of an argument based on knoweldge that is independent of experience.
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Arbitrary
A view/argument which is not based on reasoned judgement but on impulse or a whim.
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Scepticism
Doubting the truth of something in the absence of absolute proof.
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Synthetic propositions
A proposition that is judged true/false on the basis of experience of the world. They are a posteriori propostions.
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Volitional type of religious experience
Conversion which is a conscious and voluntary experience.
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Self surrender type of religious experience
Conversion which is involuntary and unconscious experience.
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Sufficient reason
An adequate reason that explains the cause of an event. Leibniz argued there had to be this for everything.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The error that concludes that since the parts have a certain property, the whole likewise has that property.
Back
Fallacy of composition
Card 3
Front
Unbounded in some way, eg in time or space.
Back
Card 4
Front
A being that cannot not be.
Back
Card 5
Front
An experience of something spiritual, or presence of the numinous is felt or is given a religious interpretation.
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