Philosophy- Importance of the present life and afterlife

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What does Varna mean?
Caste
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What are the two words which are used which refer to the variable groupings of society?
Varna and Jani
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When did the Aryans invade India and what did they establish?
They established the Varna system and invaded in 2nd millennium BCE
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What do Hindus believe everything in the cosmos is composed of?
3 qualities called gurus
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What are the 3 qualities (gurus)?
Sattva, Rajas and Tamas
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What are the four different classes?
Brhamins, Jshatriya, Vaisyas and Sudras
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What did the Government of India Act 1935 call outcastes?
Exterior castes
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What did Ghandi call outcasts?
Children of God
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What are Brhamins?
Priests/ religious people in society
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What are Kshatriyas?
Government administrators and warriors
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What are Vaisyas?
Those in society who provide necessary things in society for the rest of society to work
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What are Shrudras?
The rest of society- act as a servant
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What is a Hindu's stage in life called?
Ashrama
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What does Krishna teach in the Bhavagad Gita that people are allocated to 2 criteria, what are the two criteria?
Personal qualities and Karma/ aptitude to work
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What are the Shrudas duties?
To render to the service of others, take pride in work and to marry
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What are the Vaisyas duties?
To protect the animals, create wealth and prosperity and trade ethically
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What are the Kshatriyas duties?
Keep the world from harm, protect women from harm and secure an heir
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What are the Brhamins duties?
To accept and give to charity, to offer guidance, to develop ideal qualities
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What are ways that you can practice your dharma (duty)?
Fill your mind with positive spiritual thoughts, avoid thinking about immoral things and practice non-violent behaviour
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What percentage of the population is made up of Shudras?
1/3
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What are the four different stages of a life?
The student, householder, forest hermit and wandering ascetic
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What is the student?
Time of intimacy and taught by the elders
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What is the householder?
Undertaking of marriage and raising/ supporting a family
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What is the forest hermit?
Man is executive to retire from family and social life
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What is the wondering ascetic?
A Hindu renounces the world, all hopes/ fears/ responsibilities are abandoned
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What is 'Santana Dharma'?
The eternal duty of God
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What is the essential purpose of Dharma?
To protect 'the order and regularity of the world through specific religious duty'
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What 5 duties are a devout Hindu expected to perform?
Nourishing Gods, Nourishing Ancestors, Serving the Brahmans, Nourishing human beings and nourishing all other living beings
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What does our 'dharma' depend upon?
Birth, circumstances we live and our profession
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What does the Bhavagad Gita say about our yogi?
Our true yogi doesn't disturb others nor is it disturbed by them
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What are the four examples of martyrs?
Grand Duchess Elizabeth, Archbishop Oscar Romero, Guru Arjan and Socrates
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What faith did Grand D. Elizabeth adopt in 1891? What institution did she open up?
1891 and the Martha and Mary Home
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Where was Archbishop Romero an Archbishop of?
San Salvador
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What did Archbishop Romero die as?
A eucharistic martyr
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What happened to Guru Arjan?
Was forced by the Emperor to change faith, he didn't and was tortured for 5 days
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What did Socrates stress an emphasis on?
The mind
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What did Socrates attack?
Notions of wealth, and a fixation with physical beauty
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When are the traditional Beattitudes found?
Matthew 5:3-12
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What are the Beatitudes?
8 Blessings given by Jesus in his sermon on the Mountain
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What are each of these Beatitudes similar to?
A virtue- demonstrating to a Christian how they ought to act if they are to gain eternal life with God in Heaven
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What did Roman Catholic Pope Francis offer?
A new list of Beatitudes at a Catholic Mass
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What is an example of Pope Francis' beatitudes?
'blessed are those who remain faithful while enduring evil'
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What are the 8 Beatitudes?
Poor in spirit, mourning, meek, thirst for righteousness, mercy, pure in love, peacemakers and persecuted for the sake of the righteousness
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What was Martin Luther (German Monk) called?
The Father of the Reformation
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What did Lutheranism teach?
That salvation comes by the Grace of God
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What is pre-destination (Calvinism)?
Doctrine that God has ordained all that will happen- sovereign grace predestines people
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What is 'total depravity'?
Where we are completely affected by Sin
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What does the Eightfold path offer?
A path to Nirvana (Enlightenment)
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What are the eight aspects of the eightfold path?
Right: understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration
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What are the four noble truths?
Dukha, Samsudya, Niroadga and Marga
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What do Buddhists believe an ethical conduct is based upon?
The universal love
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What is a key Buddhist teaching/ quotation to support this?
'For the good of the many', for the happiness of the many and for the compassion of the world'
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What is psychological egoism?
Our actions express our dominant desires- motivated by self-interest
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Who put forward the theory of ethical egoism?
Kurt Baier
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What type of ethical theory is it?
A normative ethical theory that class moral agents should do their own self-interest
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What did David Hume say about ethical egoism?
Moral sentiment and feeling that engage us in a concern and motivation for others
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What is a famous Max Stirner quotation?
'Whatever will be free must make himself free'
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What book did Max Stirner write?
The ego and his own
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What did Max Stirner believe?
Self-interest is the most cause of every human action even if we make it appear altruistic
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What is another famous Max Stirner quotation?
'I am everything to myself and I do everything on my account'
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What are secular views for the importance of the present life?
Humanism, VE, UT and Existentialism
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What do Humanists say?
Absence of the afterlife, help others to create their lives and humans can give their own life meaning
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What do Virtue Ethicists say?
Eudamonia is end goal, friendship is important in present life
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What does UT teach?
Higher and lower pleasures, create happiness from higher pleasures and achieving pleasure gives us a sense of importance
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What do Existentialists say?
Shape your own meaning- present life is about what we want to do. Focus on the unique nature of the individual
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What does Jean-Paul Satre say?
'Man is responsible for the world and himself'
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What is another Jean-Paul Satre quotation?
'To be free is to be condemned to be free'
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Card 2

Front

What are the two words which are used which refer to the variable groupings of society?

Back

Varna and Jani

Card 3

Front

When did the Aryans invade India and what did they establish?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do Hindus believe everything in the cosmos is composed of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the 3 qualities (gurus)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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