Pharmodynamics

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  • Created by: Louisa
  • Created on: 30-09-20 17:07
pharmodynamics is the study of what
the effect of the drug on the body
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what are the 3 things that pharmodynamics is the study of
binding to a drug to target receptor,
signalling transduction pathway,
altered physiological process
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what affect (5) can occur at the site of action
stimulation, depression, irriration, replacement, cytotoxic action
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define a receptor
a region of tissue or molecule in a cell membrane or interior which has a affinity to a specific chemical group
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2 functions
recognition of the drug and transduction of the signal to the body
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Target receptors
enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, ion channels, transporter proteins, DNA
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receptor binding via what type of bonds
hydrogen, ionic and hydrophobic - weak and reversible
covalent bonds - permanent
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what is drug affinity
the measure of the strength a drug has to bind to a receptor
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define an agonist
a drug which binds to a receptor causing an effect in the cell
similar to the physiological signalling of the cell
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define antagonist
drug binds to the receptor but produces no physiological affect and blocks effect of physiological signalling
e.g. naloxone
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define an competitive inhibitor
compete for the same binding site at the other drug or signalling molecule
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what is a non-competitive inhibitor
doesn't compete with the drug, but binds to a separate site, altering the shape of the molecule, changing the binding site
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what is receptor upregulation
chronic use of an antagonist, increasing number of receptors, increasing drug efficacy and can produce withdrawal symptoms
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what is receptor down regulation
chronic use of an agonist, decreases number of receptors, decrease drug efficacy
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what is the dose response curve
a quantitive measure of pharmodynamics
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what are drug interactions
where the pharmological activity of a drug is altered by another drug, food and beverage
undesirable
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what is an indirect drug interaction
drug interact with different targets within the body and one can affect the other
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direct drug interactions
drug intereations that target the same body and compete with each other
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define additive
both drug have the same effect
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define antagonistic
drug have opposing actions one drug elimates the or reduces the effects of the other
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synergistic
the effect of the drug combined exceeds the effect of the drug given individually
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PK drug interactions absorption defined as
Absorption interactions can change the rate of absorption or extent of absorption
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what is the mechanism of absorption
chelation and adsorption, change gut mortility, change gut ph, change gut microflora, malabsorption
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what is the main factor in PK drug distribution
plasma protein binding
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what is the main issue with drug distrbution
have a high affinity to plasma proteins
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two drugs may compete causing a
higher biodiversity
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PK drug metabolism, enzyme induction is
increase production of metabolites in the liver
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PK drug metabolism, enzyme inhibition is
decrease metabolites = more serious = build u of toxins
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PK drug excretions generally affecting the kidneys
mechanism
change to tubular secretions, renal blood flow, urine output
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how can disease affect drugs
normal physiological process in the body are impaired = affect the way the drug is processed
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how can food affect drugs
e.g. grapefruit contained compounds affecting drug efficacy
affect how the drug works
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smoking affects the drugs
number of drugs metabolise faster by smokers and causes pharmodynamic interactions
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alcohol affecting drugs
causes many different side effects and alcohol is metabolised in the liver = competition
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what other factors affect drug interactions
polypharmacy, age, pt disease, compliance and understanding
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adverse drug reaction is a
unintended harmful event attributed to use of meds
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types of ADR (a to f)
augmented, bizarre, chronic, delayed, end of use, failure
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what is augmented
known side effect and dose dependent
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bizarre ADR
unprediactable and independent to dose and often rare and fatal
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chronic ADR
prolonged treatment e.g. analgesic neuropathy
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delayed ADR
years after treatment
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the different of adverse drug reaction to side effect
often unpredictable, not seen in clinical trials and often dangerous
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how to report an ADR
yellow card reporting system
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are the 3 things that pharmodynamics is the study of

Back

binding to a drug to target receptor,
signalling transduction pathway,
altered physiological process

Card 3

Front

what affect (5) can occur at the site of action

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

define a receptor

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

2 functions

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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