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6. Which two substances are formed when AChE breaks down ACh?

  • Acetyl CoA & Cholinesterase
  • Acetic Acid & Choline
  • Acetic Acid & Cholinesterase
  • Acetylsalicylic Acid & Choline

7. If Suxamethonium is given to a patient with Myasthenia Gravis, what will be the effect on the depolarizing block?

  • It will be enhanced to such an extent that the patient with MG will spontaneously combust
  • Reduced
  • No effect
  • Enhanced

8. If you suspect organophosphate poisoning, which drug should be given ASAP (within 10 mins)?

  • Pralidoxime
  • Tetrodotoxin
  • Physostigmine
  • Suxamethonium

9. What is the speed of onset of Vecuronium?

  • 4-10mins
  • 2-4mins
  • 1-2mins
  • 10-20mins

10. Both Vecuronium and Suxamethonium are metabolised, but they differ in their method of clearance. How is Suxamethonium cleared?

  • Plasma Cholinesterase
  • Liver metabolism & voided in urine
  • Flatulence
  • Passed out in faeces

11. Which of the following groups of people are most at risk from organophosphate poisoning?

  • Farmers
  • Bankers
  • Doctors
  • Postal workers

12. What is Vecuronium commonly used for?

  • Blood vessel relaxation (treatment of hypertension)
  • Prevent heart attacks (beta blocker)
  • Muscle relaxation (anaesthesia)
  • Sphincter relaxation (laxative)

13. How do organophosphates cause respiratory paralysis?

  • Causes release of too much ACh at the NMJ
  • Causes the explosion of all NMJs in the lungs
  • Bind irreversibly to AChE, preventing breakdown of ACh at NMJ
  • Prevents release of ACh vesicles from the pre-synaptic knob

14. How does tetrodotoxin act?

  • It systemically blocks the sodium channels involved in propagating the nerve impulse
  • It systemically blocks the calcium channels involved in propagating the nerve impulse
  • It systemically blocks the action of AChE in breaking down ACh in the synaptic cleft
  • It systemically blocks the release of ACh by breaking down the ACh vesicles whilst they are still in the pre-synaptic knob

15. Which of the following enzymes break down suxamethonium?

  • Suxamethonium Cholinesterases
  • Acetyl Cholinesterases
  • Suxadeconstructases
  • Plasma Cholinesterases

16. What is the duration of action of Vecuronium?

  • 10-20mins
  • 30-40mins
  • 5-10mins
  • 20-30mins

17. What is a Mini End Plate Potential (MEPP)?

  • A small depolarization that reaches the threshold value, caused by ACh fusing without an axonal signal
  • A small depolarization that does not reach the threshold value, caused by AChE fusing without an axonal signal
  • A small depolarization that does not reach the threshold value, caused by ACh fusing without an axonal signal
  • A large depolarization that does not reach the threshold value, caused by ACh fusing without an axonal signal

18. What are the possible post-operative effects of Suxamethonium?

  • Muscle pain
  • Loss of sphincter control
  • Ignorance
  • Bone fragmentation

19. What is the duration of action of Suxamethonium?

  • ~30mins
  • ~10mins
  • ~5mins
  • ~20mins

20. Complete the sentence: Whole muscle contraction is...

  • ...an annoying thing
  • ...a series of synchronous muscle fibre twitches
  • ...a summation of the muscle fibre twitches
  • ...a partial response