Nursing Year 1 Pharmacology

Flash cards on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for year 1 nursing

?
  • Created by: Emily
  • Created on: 05-08-14 13:58
Absorption is the journey from _____ to _______?
The journey from administration site into the plasma.
1 of 29
What are lipid-soluble drugs?
Lipid-soluble drugs are drugs that can be transported across cell membranes and into the circulation.
2 of 29
What is bioavailability?
Bioavailability is the proportion of drug that is available in the blood in an active form.
3 of 29
Name a factor that can influence absorption.
GI tract disorder, food in the stomach, reduced blood flow and surface area can all influence absorption.
4 of 29
What is the first-pass effect?
Substances administered the GI tract via portal circulation are partially metabolized by the liver, so a lower amount of the drug reaches the circulation.
5 of 29
Distribution is the journey from ______ to _______?
The journey from the circulation across cell membranes to a specified tissue.
6 of 29
Many drugs bind to what in the blood?
Plasma protein carriers - whilst binded, these have no pharmacological effect.
7 of 29
Name a factor that can influence distribution.
Blood flow, body temperature, activity levels, inflammation etc.
8 of 29
What must a drug be in order to cross the blood-brain barrier or the placenta?
Lipid-soluble.
9 of 29
What is metabolism?
Metabolism refers to how the drug is broken down into a form that can be excreted.
10 of 29
What are 'pro-drugs'?
These drugs are pharmacologically inactive until metabolized by the liver to their active form.
11 of 29
Where does metabolism occur?
Mainly in the liver by enzyme action, but also in the kidneys, intestines, lungs and plasma.
12 of 29
The two phases of metabolism are...?
1 - Various chemical reactions alter the chemical properties of the drug (eg oxidation), 2 - Conjugation: the drug metabolite is made water-soluble, ready for removal by kidneys or via bile
13 of 29
Name a factor that affects metabolism.
Age, liver disease, genetic difference, enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition.
14 of 29
What is excretion?
Excretion refers to how the metabolised drug is removed from the body.
15 of 29
The metabolite is usually eliminated in ________ or _______?
In bile or urine.
16 of 29
What is the biliary system?
The biliary system involves bile removal by faecal elimination.
17 of 29
What is the main method of renal elimination?
Glomerular filtration by the kidneys.
18 of 29
What is enterohepatic recirculation?
This is when some of the drug is reabsorbed from the gut and represented to the liver for further metabolism.
19 of 29
What are replacement drugs?
These address a deficiency in the body and replace it, e.g. iron and anaemia.
20 of 29
What are enzyme inhibitors?
These attach themself to an enzyme and stop its activity.
21 of 29
What are ion channel inhibitors?
These fit into an electrolyte channel to stop it opening.
22 of 29
Name two laws governing medicines.
The Medicines Act (1968) and the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971).
23 of 29
What is the therapeutic range?
This is the range of drug concentration in the blood between the minimum amount to give a therapeutic affect and the maximum safe concentration before toxic effects begin to appear.
24 of 29
What is half-life?
The time required for the concentration of the drug in the plasma to fall to one-half of its initial level.
25 of 29
What does enteric-coated mean?
These drugs have a special coating that stops the pill from dissolving in the stomach and irritating the lining, or rendering the medication ineffective.
26 of 29
What are agonists?
These drugs activate receptors.
27 of 29
What are antagonists?
These drugs block receptors.
28 of 29
What should you check when administering medication?
Correct patient, correct medication, correct dose, correct site, correct date, correct method of administration.
29 of 29

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are lipid-soluble drugs?

Back

Lipid-soluble drugs are drugs that can be transported across cell membranes and into the circulation.

Card 3

Front

What is bioavailability?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name a factor that can influence absorption.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the first-pass effect?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Ayyktk

Report

Very good for revision. I would like it if more flashcards were added relating to general pharma. 

Similar Nursing resources:

See all Nursing resources »See all Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics resources »