Pharmacology and Toxicology

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What is pharmacology?
the study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems
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What is toxicology?
the study of measurement and analysis of potential toxins on the function of living system
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what is pharmacokinetics?
the effect of the body on the drug
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what is pharmacodynamics?
the effect of a drug on the body
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what is a drug?
a biologically active compound taken with the intent to produce a change in the body
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What is a medicine?
a chemical preparation which is administered with purpose of producing a therapeutic effect
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how many drug classes are there?
3
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what is true about G-protein receptors?
Represents more than half of all drug targets
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what is true about Rodopsin-like GPCRs?
the agonist binds with extracellular loops and transmembrane domains
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what is true about Secretin-like GPCRs?
large, globular N-terminus
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which statement is true about Metabotropic Glutamate GCPRs?
form obligatory dimers
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which activation chain is correct (GPCR)?
activated G-protein ---> adenylate cyclase --cAMP--> Protein Kinase A
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which activation chain is correct (GPCR)?
G-protein ---> phospholipase C beta cleaves PIP2 ---> IP3 recruits and activates PKC ---> IP3 binds to ER ---> promotion of Ca release
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which step in GPCR activation is false?
3) this destabilises the receptor in its activated form
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what is true about G-proteins?
if a G-protein binds to an antagonist occupied receptor, the alpha subunit binds to GTP and causes the antagonist to dissociate from the receptor so it can bind to an agonist
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what does homologous mean?
effects are restricted to agonists acting through a specific receptor
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what does hetrologous mean?
effects can affect receptors that share a componant of the same signalling cascade
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what is false about Enkephalin tolerance at U-opioid receptors?
impaired internalisation
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what is false about Morphine tolerance at U-opioid receptors?
reduced PKC phosphorylation
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what is false about Enzymes as drug targets?
if an inhibitor is non-competitive, the Vmax stays the same but the speed changes
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which statement is false about bacterial target drugs?
Beta lactamases are targeted to prevent bacterial reproduction
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what is incorrect about protein kinases?
they hydrolysie ADP, transferring the gamma phosphate to other molecules
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which statement is true about Tyrosine Kinase Receptors
ligands cause the recepter subunits to oligomerise/dimerise to cause reoriantation of the receptor
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what is false about Autophosphorylation?
1) a single growth factor binds to the receptors, causing them to dimerise and bring the receptors together
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which is not a nuclear receptor?
thalamus receptor
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what is true about activators of nuclear receptors?
bind to specific carrier proteins in blood
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which statement is false about peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors?
4 subtypes of a thyroid like family
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which statement is false about peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors?
common in hypolipidaemia, type 1 diabetes, and atherosclerosis
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what is false about glucocorticoid receptors?
immunological effects are due to downregulation of anti-inflammatory proteins
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what is not a way to control drug binding?
size of molecule
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What is Ki?
concentration of competing ligand required to displace 50% of the specific binding of radioligand as an estimate of affinity
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what is not a principle of pharmacology?
low toxic effect
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how many drug targets are ion channels?
7%
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which statement is incorrect about ion channels?
calcium channels form homo-oligometric complexes
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What statement about acetylcholine receptors is false?
subunits have 3 transmembrane domains
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what can a P-Class transport?
all types of ions (can be more than 1 at a time)
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what can a V-Class transport?
only hydrogen ions to maintain pH
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what can a F-Class transport?
only hydrogen ions down electrochemical gradient to power ATP synthesis
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what can a ATP binding cassette transport?
polysaccharides and proteins (2 transmembrane domains and 2 cytosolic domains which bind to ATP)
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what is not a type of vescular neurotransmitter transporter?
amide
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what is not a type of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter?
ARFs
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is toxicology?

Back

the study of measurement and analysis of potential toxins on the function of living system

Card 3

Front

what is pharmacokinetics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is pharmacodynamics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a drug?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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