Perspectives in Education (Functionalism + Marxism)

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Durkheim (Functionalist)
School creates social solidarity by secondary socialising individuals and by teaching them specialist skills needed for society in order to bring them together, showing collectivism and social integration.
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Parsons (Functionalist)
School is the bridge between home and the wider society. It is a meritocratic institution that creates equal opportunities by measuring achievement by one's own efforts.
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Davis and Moore (Functionalists)
Education is for role allocation, where every role is needed within society and individuals are allocated their role based on their own talents.
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Criticisms of the Functionalist Perspective on Education
Only works when there is a single shared culture as it ignores the negatives.
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The Marxist Criticism of the Functionalist Perspective on Education
School reproduces ruling class ideology as achievement is based on class not meritocracy.
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The New Right Criticism of the Functionalist Perspective on Education
Education fails to prepare young people for the work place.
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The Interactionist Criticism of the Functionalist Perspective on Education
Functionalists have an 'over socialised' view as they assume that everyone conforms.
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Bowles and Gintis (Marxists)
The correspondence principle that runs through the hidden curriculum shows how school corresponds to work as they are taught to conform within a capitalist society.
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Bourdieu (Marxist)
Education is for the middle class, whose culture is reproduced through school, which commits symbolic violence against the working class.
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Althusser (Neo-Marxist)
Education is an ideological state apparatus which maintains, legitamises and reproduces class inequalities as it creates a docile and obediant workforce that wont challenge authority.
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Henry Gilroux (Neo-Marxist)
The working class do not passively accept everything they are taught but shape their own education and sometimes resist e.g. subcultures.
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Paul Willis (Neo-Marxist)
Studied working class boys who did not need school to prepare them for the workplace and therefore adapted a counter school subculture as a way of rejecting school so that they could go straight into work.
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Criticisms of the Marxist Perspective on Education
Most people are aware of inequalities so are not as blind to it as Marxists point out. In additon to this, there is a deate as to whether education is really controlled by the ruling class.
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The Feminist Criticism of the Marxist Perspective on Education
They ignore that education also reproduces patriarchy and gender inequalities - not just class inequalities
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The Postmodernist Criticism of the Marxist Perspective on Education
They are outdated as todays economy requires a different workforce which is more about teamwork rather than obediance (Brown 1997), where some education encourages critical thinking (Reynolds 1984).
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The Feminist Perspective On Education
There are gender differences within the education system. They believe that the hidden curriculum unofficially reinforces gender differences + there are still these differences within subject choices, showing how gender stereotyping still exists.
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Liberal Feminism and Education
They see that girls now typically outperform boys within education + believe that the 'future is female'. They believe that education seems to only benefit girls, which has led to more women getting into politics + other high paying job roles.
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Radical Feminism and Education
Argue the patriarchy still works throughout schools to reinforce traditional gender norms which disadvantage girls. Despite improvements in girls ed, subject choices still remain heavily gendered + girls do not seem to be breaking the glass ceiling.
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Marxist Feminists and Education
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Criticisms Of The Feminist Perspecitve On Education
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The New Right Perspective On Education
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Criticisms Of The New Right Perspective On Education
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The Social Democratic Perspective On Education
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Criticisms Of The Social Democratic Perspective On Education
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The Postmodernist Perspective On Education
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Criticisms Of The Postmodernist Perspective On Education
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

School is the bridge between home and the wider society. It is a meritocratic institution that creates equal opportunities by measuring achievement by one's own efforts.

Back

Parsons (Functionalist)

Card 3

Front

Education is for role allocation, where every role is needed within society and individuals are allocated their role based on their own talents.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Only works when there is a single shared culture as it ignores the negatives.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

School reproduces ruling class ideology as achievement is based on class not meritocracy.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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