Personaltiy PE

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What is personality?
Describes the unique characteristics of an individual which makes them behave a certain way while engaging in sport
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What is trait theory?
People are born with established personality characterisitcs
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Trait theory states that all behavior is?
innate, enduring (lasts a long time) stable and genetically programmed
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What is the equation of trait theory?
Behaviour=Function of Personality
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What are the drawbacks of Trait theory?
States that behaviour at all times is predictable, doesn't take into account that people adapt there behaviour in response to an environmental situation, doies not consider environmental influences
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What is Eysenck's theory?
Identified 4 primary personality traits- Introvert, Extrovert, Neurotic, Stable
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How are these factors arranged?
In a two dimensional model
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What is an Introvert?
Tends to be shy, Prefers isolation from others, Becomes aroused more quickly than extroverts, Has a high sensitivity of the reticular activating system
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What is an Extrovert?
Affiliates well to other people, outgoing, gregarious and sociable, Becomes aroused more slowly than introverts, Has low sensitivity of the reticular activating system
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What is a Neurotic personality type?
Displays extreme and unpredictable emotions in the form of mood swings, Their moods are unreliable, They experience high degree of stress, Their recovery from stress is low
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What is a stable personality type?
Displays predictable emotions in appropriate situations, their moods are predictable, They tend not to experience intense stress, Their recovery from stress is rapid
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What was Girdano's theory?
Narrow band theory
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What did he propose?
That there are two distinct personality types- Type A and Type B
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What are type A characteristics?
Highly competitive, Works fast, strong desire to succeed, likes control, prone to suffer stress
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What are type B characteristics?
Non-competitive, works more slowly, lacking desire to succeed, does not enjoy control, less prone to stress
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What is arousal?
A physical and mental state of preparedness
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What theorists proposed Social Learning theory?
Bandura
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What is Social learning theory?
All behaviour is learned therefore personlaity is not genetical;ly programmed. The behaviour is imitated through observation. New behaviour is aqquired after observation, only when it is endorsed through social reinforcement
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What is the equation for Social learning theory?
Behaviour = Function of environment
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What the conditons that support Social learning theory?
When observed behaviour is demonstrated by a significant other, The role model is powerful and authoratative, When the observer wants to adopt the norms and values of a new culture, the observer and role model are the same gender
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What are the drawbacks of Social learning theory?
Does not take into account genetically inherited factors, Only provides one explanation
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What is the interactionist approach?
Combines trait and social learning theory. Personality is modified and behaviour is formed when genetically inherited traits are triggered by an environmental circumstance
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The interactionist approach is based on the work of...
Hollander
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What are the 3 levels that interact to form personality?
Psycoholgical core- most internal though to be true self. Typical response- are changeable and learmed behaviours becomes modified as a person responds to the environment. Role related behaviour - Most external as it's dynamic and most changeable
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What is the equation of the interactionist approach
Behaviour= function (personality x environment)
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What are the advantages of the interactionist approach?
Supports the claim that typical responses emerge in accordance with changing environments, behaviour is therefore unpredictable, this approach offers an explanation why personalities of sport performers can change in different situations
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What is the drawback of the interactionist approach?
Not a simple approach
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What is personality profiling?
A system whicgh classifies an individual into a particular personlaity
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What are the advantages of Questionaires?
easy, immediate answers, collect data
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What are the disadvantages of Questionnaires?
Time consuming, Answering what you think they want to hear, Mood (timimg of questionnaire)
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What are the advantages of interviews?
Can be done before and after the event, open ended and flexible, transient feelings or attitudes may be expressed
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What are the disadvantages of interviews?
Difficult to quantify accurately, may be influenced by the interviewer
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What are the advantages of observations?
Made during an actual event, directly related to performance
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what are the disadvantages of observations?
Difficult to quantify accurately, may be influenced by observer
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What are the limitations of personlaity profiling?
Proof, evidence, subjectivity, invaldity, modification, reliabilty sterotyping
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What is proof?
A link between personality types and sport performance cannot be proved
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What is evidence?
There is no exidence that an ideal sports personality exists
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What is subjectivity?
Profiling results are often subjective. This means that conclusions may be influenced by personal opinions
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What is invalidity?
Profiling results are often inaccurate and invalid.
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What is modification?
The performer may unconsciously modify their behaviour to match up to the profile ascribed to them
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What is reliabilty?
Many profiles are calculated by using self-reportquestionnaire studies . Performers may not answer all questions accuratley
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What is sterotyping?
There is danger that profiling will sterotype a person
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

People are born with established personality characterisitcs

Back

What is trait theory?

Card 3

Front

innate, enduring (lasts a long time) stable and genetically programmed

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Behaviour=Function of Personality

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

States that behaviour at all times is predictable, doesn't take into account that people adapt there behaviour in response to an environmental situation, doies not consider environmental influences

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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